Gaubert Soho History

As Soho is the area of London where our first proven ancestors lived, I thought it might be useful to know of its dates of development and of the names of contemporary residents. This page contains a list of subscribers to fund an evening patrol back in 1791. One of those subscribers is a 'Mr. Gaubert'. This man may have been one of our ancestors; but he may also have been the Guillaume Gaubert described as the associate of Henry Holland and living in Panton Street, Soho. He made his will in 1799 and it was proven in 1800. By those dates, he was recorded as then living in Lower Belgrave Place, Pimlico. The maps of Soho will help you see the position of many of the streets associated with our family.

SOHO FIELDS

In 1641 Anna Clerke, 'a lewd woman', was bound over to keep the peace after 'threteninge to burne the houses at So: ho'. These houses stood on the east side of the modern Wardour Street, to the north of Bourchier Street. The word Soho is an ancient hunting call, and there is evidence that hunting took place over the lands to the west of Wardour Street.
The map of London made by Ralph Agas is well known as one of the most valuable and reliable sources of information regarding the condition of London in the last decade of the sixteenth century, and fortunately it extends far enough westwards to include the area now occupied by Soho. The whole district is shown to be absolutely devoid of buildings of any kind. Fields of pasture in which cattle are quietly grazing, are intersected by roads with hedges and occasional trees on either hand. In one of the fields, at a point now represented by St. Anne's Church, a woman is represented in the act of spreading linen upon the grass to dry in the sun, and her wash tub stands conveniently near.

What is now Oxford Street is marked on Agas's map by a thoroughfare called ' The Waye to Uxbridge.' The 'whole length of Great St. Andrew Street, Little St. Andrew Street, and St. Martin's Lane were then represented, not by lines of adjoining houses, but by a curving lane, bounded by hedges and trees, and without a single house in it, save at its southern end, in the vicinity of St. Martin's Church. A road crossing the spot which is now Soho Square from east to west, and thence leading in the direction of Piccadilly Circus, is marked on the map ' The Way to Redinge.' As far as one can judge from the imperfect details of the map, this ancient road seems to have traversed pretty much the same ground as that which at the present time is occupied by Shaftesbury Avenue, except that the new is probably somewhat to the south of the ancient road.

It is not easy in all cases to identify the paths crossing the meadows and open spaces with any of our existing thoroughfares, but, as they do not appear to have been protected by hedges, it is extremely probable that they were merely temporary tracks made from time to time to suit the convenience of passengers from point to point as occasion required.

The village of St. Giles, which began at Drury Lane, was principally confined to a cluster of buildings forming the north side of Broad Street; a few other houses stood within the precincts of the church and hospital, which are shown as being partly enclosed and surrounded by trees. Beyond the church, both to the north and west, all was open country, and even the main roads out of London are distinguished only by avenues of trees. Drury Lane at that time had no houses save at each end, and between it and the Soho Fields were broad open spaces of meadow traversed by footpaths, now occupied by the populous neighbourhoods which lie around Long Acre and the Seven Dials. South of Long Acre was the walled-in Convent Garden or Covent Garden, as it is now called a space extending from St. Martin's Lane to Drury Lane, and from the gardens in the Strand towards the present Long Acre. Within these ample bounds were a number of trees and only three or four buildings.

Nearly the whole of the Strand was a continuous street, largely made up of spacious mansions and their appropriate offices, the residences of noblemen and prelates. Those on the south side had all large gardens attached to them, extending down to the Thames, and have mostly given names to the streets which have been built on their sites. The Spring Gardens were literally gardens, partly planted with trees, reaching as far as the present Admiralty; and further on, towards the Treasury, were the tilt yard and cockpit, with a Square sheet of water behind the former, on the site of the parade. In St. James's Park were deer; and beyond the north wall stood a few houses about the middle of Pall Mall. Between Whitehall and New Palace Yard, along King Street, and in the vicinity of St. Margaret's Church and Westminster Abbey, the buildings were thickly clustered, and both the fountain and the Bell Tower are represented in front of Westminster Hall. Beyond the Palace gate, to the right of the present Abingdon Street, were a few buildings, which terminate the plan in this direction.

Such were the characteristics of the districts around Soho Fields during the latter part of Queen Elizabeth's reign; but even atthat period, the rate at which London was increasing caused a feeling of alarm. At three different periods, viz., 1582, 1593, and 1602, proclamations were issued to prohibit building under severe penalties, on the plea of its being wickedly presumptuous as restraining agriculture, and, above all, engendering pestilence.

In spite of the authority of the Crown, and these restrictions, founded on utterly mistaken grounds, and aided by the orders of the City authorities, the suburbs were greatly extended before the end of Elizabeth's reign, and many of the large mansions of the nobility and others within the City itself, which now began to be deserted for the more Courtly air of Westminster, were separated into diverse tenements, or pulled down to make way for new streets. The population increased rapidly, not only by means of a higher birth rate, but also by the great influx of foreigners at this period, attracted and encouraged by the wise policy of Elizabeth.

In the year 1580, the foreigners resident in London were found by computation to be 6462: of these, 2302 were Dutch; 1838 French; 116 Italian; 1542 English born of foreign parents; and 664 of countries not specified. This return showed an increase of 3762 persons (foreigners) within the space of thirteen years, and many of them had fled from different parts of France after the fatal vespers of St. Bartholomew.

In the beginning of the reign of James I., the meadows extending from St. Giles's to Chancery Lane were rapidly being covered with buildings. In 1606, Great Queen Street was commenced, and Drury Lane, which had hitherto been a country lane or road leading to the Strand, was built on the east side, so that, by an assessment made in 1623, the whole number of houses rated amounted to 897, and upwards of twenty Courts, yards, and alleys are mentioned by name.

Proclamation followed proclamation, prohibiting under penalties the erection of new buildings, but in spite of these restraints the metropolis continued to increase. The delinquents were prosecuted and fined, but building speculations were continued, until it became necessary, in consequence of the rapid decay of wooden structures and the vast consumption of timber, to order that in future the outer walls, forefronts, and windows of all edifices should be built of either brick or stone.

In the survey by Richard NewCourt between 1643 and 1647, and engraved by William Faithorne in 1658, the Soho Fields are shown as still open country; as also are the St. Giles's Fields. Pall Mall is represented as a pleasant walk, shaded by double rows of trees on the north side, and with Berkshire House facing St. James's Palace. Tart Hall, at the south west angle of the park, and the Gaming House at the top of the Haymarket, are also represented. A windmill marks the site and origin of the name of the present Windmill Street, north and west of which was still open country.

The Haymarket and its neighbourhood were only partially built on, and that in a very indifferent manner, so late as the reign of Charles II. Colonel Thomas Panton, from whom Panton Street, on this spot, received its name, was one of the first builders who began to cover the site with regular, handsome houses, and otherwise to improve.

The author of Reflections on the Bills of Mortality, 1665, in stating one supposed cause of the Plague, that it was increased by turning noblemen's houses to tenements. The increase, however, he goes on to notice, was removing ' into more open and free air; and the trade from the dirty and narrow places in Canning Street and Watling Street to Paul's, Ludgate, and Fleet Street; from Bishops gate and Fenchurch Street to the Strand thus avoiding those places that were crammed with old and dark houses, and building more new and lightsome ones, near and nearer to Whitehall, in a more convenient and healthful air.’

The district all around what is now Soho was much used for hunting, and we know that hare hunting and fox hunting formed a part of the amusements associated with the periodical inspection of the conduits at Tyburn by the Lord Mayor and aldermen. The names of St. Giles in the Fields and St. Martin in the Fields are suggestive of more or less open ground in this neighbourhood before it was occupied by buildings, and it is not improbable that Soho may have received its name from the cry of the sportsmen who loved to hunt with hawk or hound in these suburbs of the metropolis.

SOHO and certain adjoining fields, south of the present Oxford Street, were, in 1672, granted by the trustees of Henrietta Maria to Henry Jermyn, Earl of St. Albans. These were transferred by Charles II. to the Duke of Monmouth; again by James II., after the Duke’s attainder, to his Duchess; and by William III. to William Bentinck, Earl of Portland, and his heirs for ever.

The grant to the Earl of Portland includes:

'all those pieces or parcels of land situate, lying, and being in or near the parish of St. Anne, within the liberty of Westminster, anciently called or known by the names of Kemp's Field and Bunches Close, Coleman Hedge, or Coleman Hedge Field, containing together by estimation 220 acres, and Dog house Field, alias Brown's Close, and were since more lately called or known by the name or names of Soho or Soho Fields, which premises are now laid out into streets and other places, with many tenements and buildings erected thereon, the chief of which are at present known and distinguished by the names following: King's Square, alias Soho Square, Greek Street, Church Street, Moor Street, Compton Street, Frith Street, Charles Street, Sutton Street, Queen Street, Dean Street, King's Court, Falconberg Court, Rose Street, North side of King's Street, West side of Crown Street, alias Hog Lane, South side of the road called Acton Road (Oxford Street) leading from St. Giles's towards Tyburn on the North; by the said lane or street, called Crown Street, alias Hog Lane, towards the East; by the said street or high road leading towards Piccadilly, called King Street, over against the land called the Military Ground (now also builded upon), towards the South; and by the back part of houses and lands late in the tenure of Sir William Pulteney, deceased, or his assigns, in a street called Old Soho, alias Wardour Street, in part and by a lane called Hedge Lane (now Princes Street), towards the West.'

King's Square was the original name given to what is now known as Soho Square. This appellation was bestowed in honour, not of the reigning sovereign, but of Gregory King, a man who was intimately associated with the earliest buildings of the Soho district.

The whole district now called Soho originally belonged to the parish of St. Martin in the Fields. St. Anne's, Soho, had no separate or distinct existence as a parish until 1678, when the new neighbourhood which was growing up in the Soho Fields required a church in a more convenient position than that they already possessed near Charing Cross. A church for the Greek refugees was built at Soho, and dedicated as early as 1677. The whole parish of St. Anne had been formed out of the parish of St. Martin in the Fields in 1686. As a vague geographical term Soho now also includes the part of the neighbouring parish of St. James between Wardour and Regent Streets.

Soho is the oldest of the alien quarters. For nearly three centuries its foreign element has been periodically replenished by new immigrants. Soho has always been foreign since its original development in the latter part of the seventeenth century

Almost all of the future parish of St. Anne was bounded by ancient highways, the only exception being at the south-east corner. These highways are now known as Oxford Street on the north, Charing Cross Road (northward of Cambridge Circus) and West Street on the east, and Wardour and Whitcomb Streets on the west; another highway, now part of Shaftesbury Avenue, extended east to west across the centre of the area. They are shown on the plan of 1585.
The field and estate boundaries have also influenced the street layout of Soho. The plan of 1585 marks all the ground to the north of what is now Shaftesbury Avenue as St. Giles's Field, and that to the south as St. Martin's Field.

One straight wide street—Gerrard Street—was laid out by Dr. Nicholas Barbon along the length of the rectangular Military Ground, with short streets leading northward into the ancient highway then called King Street (now Shaftesbury Avenue.

On 7 April 1671 a proclamation forbade building in 'Wind-Mill Fields, Dog-Fields, and the Fields adjoyning to So-hoe' and elsewhere, except by royal licence under the Great Seal. (fn. 7) This was the last of the royal proclamations against building in the suburbs. In Soho its general effect seems to have been to replace higgledy-piggledy clandestine building by open development of whole estates, each with its own (often disorderly) network of new streets. By the end of the seventeenth century virtually the whole of Soho had been built over, its streets being laid out on the pattern which to a great extent still exists.

During the 1670's and 1680's building proceeded in almost every part of Soho. By about 1691, after only fourteen years, building had been substantially completed, and with the consecration of St. Anne's Church on 21 March 1685/6 Soho had become a separate parish with its own vestry.

It was during the hectic years of widespread building development in Soho that foreign immigrants, almost all of them French, began to settle there. In 1661 Louis XIV had begun to discriminate actively against the Huguenots and a series of decrees gradually circumscribed their religious, civil and economic liberties. Early in 1681 the practice of forcibly quartering royal dragoons in Huguenot homes ushered in the persecution known as the dragonnade. (fn. 9) Later in the same year Charles II, in an Order in Council of 28 July, stated that he held 'himselfe obliged in honour and Conscience to comfort and support all such afflicted Protestants who by reason of ye rigours and severitys, which are usd towards them upon ye account of their Religion shall be forced to quitt their Native Country, and shall desire to shelter themselves under his Matys Royall Protection for ye preservacon and free exercise of their Religion'. He offered the Huguenots free letters of denization, a promise of such 'priviledges and immunitys, as are consistent with the Laws [of England], for the liberty and free exercise of their trades and handicrafts' there and ordered a collection to be made throughout the country for the relief of the refugees. (fn. 10) The great migration had begun.

In 1685 Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes, under which Henri IV had in 1597 guaranteed the religious and civil rights of the Huguenots. The revocation marked the culmination of the persecution which had already been proceeding for nearly twenty-five years, and was to continue, with varying degrees of severity, throughout the rest of Louis' reign. It has been estimated that in the early 1680's there were one and a half to two million French Huguenots, or roughly ten per cent of the population of the country, and that between 1681 and 1720 approximately 200,000 of them emigrated. Some 40,000 to 50,000 of the emigrants are thought to have come to England, and of these, perhaps one third settled in London. (fn. 11)

Foreign Protestant refugees had had a chapel in Threadneedle Street in the City of London since 1550, and by the middle of the seventeenth century Spitalfields, to the east of the City, was already a stronghold of nonconformity (fn. 12) to which many Huguenots, particularly of the artisan class, naturally resorted in the 1680's. To the west of the City a French congregation had existed in Westminster, apparently since the 1640's, and in 1661 was licensed to meet in the Liberty of the Savoy. (fn. 13) By 1682 this congregation was evidently sufficiently numerous to require a second chapel. In that year the vestry of St. Martin in the Fields leased them the chapel in Hog Lane which had recently been vacated (after a comparatively short tenure) by another community of aliens.

This chapel had been built between 1677 and 1680 under the auspices of Joseph Georgirenes, Archbishop of Samos, as a place of worship for the Greek refugees from the Ottoman Turks. Georgirenes had obtained a site in Hog Lane and collected enough money to start building. But legal, financial and personal difficulties had ensued and soon after its completion Georgirenes had relinquished it.

This tragi-comic episode is important for the history of Soho, for the Greeks were the first foreign colony to build a place of worship there, and their departure provided the French Protestants with the opportunity to establish their first congregation in Soho.

In 1682 large-scale migration from France had only recently begun, and the existence of this chapel in Soho probably attracted many refugees to this quarter of London. Here, as in Spitalfields, they could practise their trades unhindered by the regulations of the City Companies, and once the nucleus of a foreign colony had been established, it in its turn attracted new arrivals from France. Many of the Huguenots who settled to the west of the City were gold or silversmiths, jewellers, engravers, clock and watchmakers, or tapestry weavers—tradesmen who naturally gravitated to the fashionable residential quarter of London adjacent to the Court, rather than to the more industrial and maritime districts to the east of the City. By 1692 the Huguenots were sufficiently numerous to support at least ten places of worship in the western suburbs of London alone; (fn. 2) most of these congregations adopted the Anglican form of service, while those in Spitalfields and the eastern suburbs retained the practice of the French Reformed Church. (fn. 14)

In 1711 the Commissioners for Building Fifty New Churches asked the vestry of St. Anne for information about the population of the parish. The answer given by the vestry provides the only source for the size of the original French colony in Soho:

Assuming that three-quarters of the last class were French, this gives a total French population in the parish of 3,450—at first sight an unexpectedly small number, but perhaps more intelligibly viewed as two-fifths of the total population of 8,133. The large number of lodgers indicates that only a small proportion of the immigrants had bought houses of their own. The ratebooks are not therefore of great value as guides to the whereabouts of the earliest French settlements in Soho, but such evidence as they and other sources do provide suggests that the first concentrations were mostly in the south-eastern parts of the parish, in Newport Court, Great and Little Newport Streets, Hog Lane, Moor Street, Romilly Street and Old Compton Street. Within these streets the houses occupied by the immigrants were often adjacent to each other.

An account written by 'a German Gentleman' in 1725 of a visit to the house of a shopkeeper in Soho presents a valuable picture of the social milieu of the area, although it is not clear whether his hosts were native English or of foreign descent. 'Once, on a Sabbath Day, I was requested to dine with a shopkeeper in this parish; the man's Income, I believe, might amount to about seventy pounds per annum, and his family consisted of one wife and a daughter of about eighteen; they were extraordinary economists, brewed their own beer, washed at home, made a joint hold out two days, and a shift three; let three parts of their house ready furnished, and kept paying one quarter's rent under another. In such like circumstances had they gone on for some years, and the worst the world could say of them was, that they lived above what they had, that their daughter was as proud a slut as ever clapped clog on shoe leather, and that they entertained lodgers as were no better than they should be'. It was in thrifty threadbare French households, no doubt very similar to this one, that ox-tail soup was first introduced into England, for prior to the arrival of the French refugees the London butchers had sold the hides of slaughtered beasts to the tanners with the supposedly inedible tails still attached.

In a description of St. Anne's parish written in 1720 John Strype notes that 'Abundance of French people, many whereof are voluntary exiles for their religion, live in these streets and lanes, following honest trades; and some gentry of the same nation'. The trade card which William Hogarth designed a few years later for Ellis Gamble, goldsmith, of Cranbourn Street was inscribed in both French and English—an indication of the prevalence of French-speaking inhabitants in the locality—and in 1739 William Maitland wrote that 'Many parts of this parish so greatly abound with French, that it is an easy matter for a stranger to imagine himself in France.' This was evidently no exaggeration, for in 1748 a young English diplomat about to go abroad was described by a friend as 'so busy learning French that there is no getting a sight of him. He spends his whole time in the neighbourhood of Soho amongst the French refugees.'
But the figures supplied by the vestry of St. Anne in 1711 suggest that more than half of the inhabitants of the parish were English, and like all the other western suburbs of London, parts of Soho were for a while fashionable. In the early 1690's there were between sixty and eighty titled residents, the majority of whom lived in the northern part of the parish, principally in Soho Square, and in Dean, Greek and Frith Streets; while in the southern part Gerrard Street was 'the best inhabited', followed by Leicester Square and Leicester and Litchfield Streets.

Soho's claim to fashion was comparatively short-lived. In Leicester Square George, Prince of Wales (later George II), and his son Frederick, Prince of Wales, lived at Leicester House from 1718 to 1727 and from 1742 to 1751 respectively, but by 1741 the number of titled ratepayers in the whole parish had declined to about twenty. By this time the building leases granted in the 1670's and 1680's, most of which had been for terms of between forty and sixty-one years, had expired, and the gradual diversification of both the fabric and the social character of the area, which was to continue with increasing rapidity for over a century, had begun. The dispersal of estates began in 1722 when the freehold of part of the Crown land on the east side of Wardour Street was sold to the Pulteney family, and was continued in 1735–8 with the piecemeal sale of the Military Ground, substantial rebuilding taking place on both estates. In Soho Fields, where most of the freehold had been granted by the Crown to the Duke of Portland in 1698, there was extensive rebuilding (often without the encouragement of a building lease from the ground landlord) between c. 1723 and c. 1740, and the houses on the leasehold Pitt estate in Dean Street (comprising most of the rest of Soho Fields) were almost all rebuilt in c. 1732–4. The leases granted by the Pitt family were predominantly for the unusually long term of about 102 years, and a few of the fine houses built under these leases still survive.

By 1791 the number of titled ratepayers in the parish had been reduced to seven, and the number of Members of Parliament with addresses here had declined from twenty-seven in 1733 to twelve in 1762 and to four in 1793. None of the great houses in the parish was still in private occupation after 1784, and the different uses to which they were put illustrate the increasingly variegated social pattern of Soho. Many houses were occupied by specialist craftsmen, notably gold and silversmiths, jewellers, engravers, musical-instrument makers, tapestry weavers and bonnet makers.

The dispersal of estates coincided with, and was perhaps partly the cause of, a considerable increase in the population of the parish. While the number of inhabited houses remained fairly constant at about 1,300 to 1,400 during the years 1801 to 1851, the number of inhabitants increased from 11,637 to 17,335. Relatively little rebuilding took place, many of the ageing houses were converted into tenements and in 1851 there were 327 inhabitants per acre—one of the highest figures in the whole of London. Forty-seven per cent of the houses had only cesspool drainage, often of the most primitive kind, and after an outbreak of cholera in the summer of 1854 many of the remaining well-to-do inhabitants removed elsewhere.

After 1851 the total population of the parish remained virtually stationary for some twenty years. The condition in which many of the inhabitants lived is perhaps reflected by the establishment of six hospitals within the area between 1851 and 1874; four of them still exist here.

It was also in the mid nineteenth century that Soho, and particularly the area round Leicester Square, became important as a place of entertainment.

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century the foreign element in the population of Soho ceased to be primarily French and became cosmopolitan. The original Huguenot immigrants and their descendants had gradually become to a large extent anglicized, and by 1800 only two of their chapels survived in the area. After 1789 more refugees from the various political commotions which have characterized subsequent French history probably settled in Soho. In the 1860's, when Cardinal Wiseman wished to establish a church for French Roman Catholics in London, Soho was still evidently thought to be the centre of the French colony, but had long ceased to be distinctively Huguenot.

The total population (both indigenous and foreign) of the parish of St. Anne had begun to decline slightly in the 1870's, but between 1881 and 1891 the decline became much sharper, from 16,608 to 12,317. These figures are in part a reflection of the demolition of large numbers of old houses, particularly in the squalid poverty-stricken area of Newport Market, for the formation of Shaftesbury Avenue and Charing Cross Road in 1883–7, when many of the dislodged inhabitants were compelled to remove elsewhere. But there were other causes as well, for Soho was ceasing to be primarily residential, and was becoming an area to which people came to work in shops, eating-houses, warehouses and small factories, or to seek entertainment.

The Fabric

In the 1670's, when the formation of the new parish was contemplated, there were few buildings of importance in the area other than the two great houses, Newport and Leicester, of which the former was to vanish during the first wave of building. The only regular street development was in the south-east, near St. Martin's Lane, where the building of houses in (Great) Newport Street began in 1612–13. In the late 1650's the north row was rebuilt by Richard Ryder the elder with houses of sufficient size and importance to be recorded pictorially on Ogilby and Morgan's map of 1681–2. No. 5, refronted with a face of black tiles and much altered inside, is the only survivor of this group.

The most important building of late seventeenth-century date in the parish was St. Anne's Church, first designed about 1676–7 by Wren's office and completed in 1686.

The focal centre of Frith's development in Soho Fields from 1677 onwards was Soho or King's Square, planned on similar lines to the much larger St. James's Square of 1665, having one street entering centrally on the north, east and west sides, whereas there were two streets flanking the middle range of the south side. The engraved view by Sutton Nicholls shows the considerable uniformity of the three-storeyed houses, large and small, first built in the square. Of these original houses only Nos. 10 and 15, both on the north side and in an altered state, survive, the best preserved being No. 15 with a simply designed brick front, and a good staircase and some bolection-moulded panelling within.

By contrast with the Soho Fields layout, Nicholas Barbon's contemporaneous development of the Newport estate was cramped and irregular, but he helped to create a fine and spacious street on the Military Ground, where Gerrard Street was built in the late 1670's, with its best houses on the south side backing on to the garden of Leicester House.

Later rebuildings conforming with the domestic character and architectural scale of Soho Square were Nos. 28 and 29, erected in 1775 along with Bateman's Buildings on the site of Monmouth House. Both houses have been demolished, but one of the pair of austerely simple houses, built in 1791–3 on the site of Carlisle House in Soho Square, survives as St. Patrick's Presbytery.

This church, though now occupying a building erected only in 1891–3, can trace its descent from the earliest congregation of Protestant refugees to settle in London, a tradition commemorated in the carved tympanum over the entrance door of the present building. In July 1550 Edward VI licensed the foreign Protestant refugees in London to hold their own services. In October 1550 the French and Dutch refugees took a lease of the chapel of St. Anthony's Hospital in Threadneedle Street, but a few weeks later the Dutch withdrew from this arrangement, leaving the Huguenots in sole possession. They and their successors remained in Threadneedle Street (except during the reign of Mary Tudor) until 1840, the original building being rebuilt after its destruction in the Great Fire.

Bateman's Buildings

The history of the erection of these buildings has been described above. Except for Nos. 9, 10 and 11, at the south end of the west side, the small houses built in 1773–4 have been demolished. The survivors are uniform in having plain fronts, each house being three storeys high above a cellar basement, and two windows wide. The windows are recessed in plain openings, having stone sills, thinly stuccoed reveals, and flat arches of gauged bricks matching the 'grey' stocks of the wall face. This is dressed with a stone bandcourse at first-floor level, and a narrow coping to the parapet. The doors, paired at Nos. 9 and 10, are recessed in semi-circular-headed openings, with brick arches rising from plain stone imposts, set in a slightly projecting face finished by the bandcourse, here decorated with a simple cornice. The interiors are much altered and now used for storage purposes.

Carlisle Street

This street takes its name from the mansion which was built in the mid 1680's on part of the site of the present Nos. 10–12 Carlisle Street and which was occupied from 1725 to 1752 by the Countess of Carlisle. The street was probably laid out in 1685 by Edward Roydon, turner, and Job Bickerton and William Webb, carpenters, all of St. Anne's parish, on a large plot of land on the west side of Dean Street. Between May 1685 and June 1687 they erected in the new street, or in the area immediately adjoining, one large mansion (probably Carlisle House), two inns and thirteen smaller houses, all of which were described in June 1687 as being almost complete. The houses first appear in the ratebooks in 1691 (the ratebooks tor 1686–90 being missing), when thirteen ratepayers' names arc listed, one for the large house (later Carlisle House) at the west end of the street and twelve for the smaller houses on either side.
The street was at first known by a variety of names. Ogilby and Morgan's map of 1681–2 calls it Marybone Street, an undated engraving calls it Merry Andrew Street, whilst on Sutton Nicholls's engraving it is called Denmark Street. Blome's map of 1686 describes the part east of Dean Street as King's Square Street and that to the west as King's Square Court, the latter being the name used in the ratebooks in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries for both parts of the street. The name Carlisle Street was first used in the ratebooks in 1745 to denote the eastern part only, but the rate collectors continued to describe the western part as King's Square Court until 1837. Honvood's map of 1792–9 marks both parts as Carlisle Street.

In 1720 Strype described the eastern part as 'a short Street, called King's-Square Street, of small Account', and the western part as 'a handsome broad Court fronting Kings-Square; 'tis a Place well built and inhabited, and hath one very large House, which takes up all the West End or Front'. (fn. 2) The eastern part, between Soho Square and Dean Street, contained only the back and side premises and stables of the two corner houses in Soho Square (Nos. 37 and 38). There were no separate dwellings in this part of Carlisle Street until the mid 1730's, when two houses were built on the north side of the street, on part of the site of the original No. 38 Soho Square. (fn. 3)

The most prominent feature of the street from its earliest days was the mansion (later known as Carlisle House) built at its western end and facing eastwards down the street, with a façade which provided the vista from Soho Square with an impressive terminal feature. It was probably because of their proximity to this house and to other neighbouring mansions in Soho Square that the comparatively small houses in the street remained well inhabited with a few titled residents and military officers until the third quarter of the eighteenth century. (fn. 4)

Thereafter the street declined in fashion. In 1763–4 Carlisle House ceased to be a private residence and was turned into a fencing school. Some of the other houses were occupied by artists and musicians, of whom the most prominent are listed below. In the nineteenth century this artistic element persisted, notably amongst the occupants of Carlisle House, but after 1850 the majority of the inhabitants were craftsmen and tradespeople. Three of the original late seventeenth-century houses in the street (Nos. 4–6) still stand, much altered, and on the north side Nos. 16, 17 and 19 survive from the eighteenth century.

Notable Inhabitants and Lodgers

Karl Friedrich Abel, instrumentalist; he occupied a house adjoining the north side of Carlisle House (both demolished) from 1764 to 1771. (fn. 4) John Linnell Bond, architect; he was 'At Mr. Malton's Carlisle Street' (No. 8, demolished - the home of Stephen Gaubert in 1774-1783) in 1782.

THE STREETS OF SOHO IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER, AND THEIR CELEBRATED INHABITANTS

The origin of the names Church Street, Greek Street, King's Square, and others are sufficiently apparent; but some streets are not. Crown Street, Grafton Street, King Street, and Castle Street were entirely removed or much modified in making the new thoroughfares known as Charing Cross Road and Shaftesbury Avenue, which were formally opened for public use on February 26th, 1887.

BARBON Square
An open space near Gerrard Street, as late as the reign of George III., was called Barbon Square. It was so named after the family of Barbon, or Barebones, of whom ' Praise God Barebone ' was a well known member.The house inhabited by Barebone was in Fetter Lane, for which the sum of 4O/. annual rent was paid. Pepys, in his Diary, under the date of 22nd February, 1659, writes:I observed this day how abominably Barebone's windows are broken again last night.'

1799 - Batemans Buildings

BATEMAN'S BUILDINGS
Bateman's Buildings, situated between Frith Street and Greek Street, were doubtless named after Lord Bateman's mansion, which formerly occupied the site. The house, usually known as Monmouth House, was demolished in 1773, and thus, although this happens to come among the earliest streets in this alphabetical list, its building is really of comparatively recent date.

In the year 1781, Raphael Smith, the excellent mezzotint engraver after Sir Joshua Reynolds, lived at No. 10 Bateman's Buildings (the home of George Gaubert, jeweller in 1801). It is said there is a portrait of him with several other celebrated characters in a print of the Promenade at Carlisle House. Two other exhibitors at the Royal Academy, R. Browne and R. Dagley, were his neighbours at Nos. 9 and 12 in the same buildings. O'Keefe, in his Recollections , vol. i., p. 364, mentions a visit paid to the elder Colman at Bateman's Buildings. He writes (1777): The next morning I was punctual to appointment, and posted to Soho Square, where, at the left hand corner of Bateman's Buildings, I knocked at the door of a fine looking house, and was ushered into the Library. Seated in cap and gown at breakfast, I there for the first time saw the manager of the Haymarket Theatre .... who received me with all the frank good nature of his character.'

BATEMAN STREET See QUEEN STREET

BERWICK STREET

BREWER STREET

1799 Brewer Street

CARLISLE STREET

Carlisle Street, leading from Soho Square westward to Chapel Street, was so named from the Howards, Earls of Carlisle, who lived for many years in this neighbourhood.The name of this street has, however, undergone several changes. It appears to have been called Merry Andrew Street about the year 1725. At an earlier period, as appears by the map of the parish in the 1720 issue of Strype's edition of Stow, the part of the street extending from the Square to Dean Street was called King's Square Street, and the continuation of the street, on the west side of Dean Street, was called King's Square Court. In 1750 its name was Denmark Street. At about the same period, according to the rate books, a portion of the street was called Carlisle Street, and about thirty years later this name was extended to the whole of the street.

From the rate books, it appears that many persons of note and position lived in this quarter. Thus, in 1692, King's Square Court had about twenty two inhabitants, among whom were Lady Lawrence, Lady Fitzgerald, Sir Henry Bellasis, and Lady Williams. Next year the name of the Countess of Rochester (widow of Wilmot) appeared in the books as one of the inhabitants.

In 1708 we find the names of the Countess of Essex and Lady Elizabeth Howard, widow of the dramatist, Sir Robert Howard, and the patron of Purcell.

The office of the Commissioners of Sewers was situated in this Court in 1776, but it was afterwards removed to Alderman Beckford's house in Soho Square.

1799 - Carlisle Street

CHARING CROSS ROAD
The need of a street giving direct communication between Tottenham Court Road and Charing Cross was long felt, and Charing Cross Road was constructed to supply the want. It was opened on February 26th, 1887, by His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, after whom was taken the name Cambridge Circus, the point where Charing Cross Road is intersected by Shaftesbury Avenue. The length of the street is close upon 1000 yards, and its width, generally speaking, is about twenty yards. There is a subway under its whole length to receive the gas, water, and other mains, telegraph wires, &c.; it is placed under the centre of the carriage way, and is twelve feet wide and seven feet nine inches high. It is formed of a semicircular arch in brickwork. Cross passages extend from the houses on each side of the street to the subway. There are openings in the crown of the subway and in some of the refuges placed in the centre of the street for the admission of gas and water mains.

The following streets were modified or absorbed in making Charing Cross Road:Crown Street, Moor Street, Grafton Street, Lichfield Street, Porter Street, and Castle Street, besides several minor streets and Courts.

For the early history of a part of this street see HOG LANE, below.

CHARLES STREET
Charles Street, leading from Soho Square to Oxford Street, and recently named Soho Street, was probably so named in honour of Charles II. In Strype's edition of Stow (1720 edition) it is described as 'a place of no great note for inhabitants.'

CHURCH STREET
Church Street leads from Greek Street to Dean Street. Cunningham says, ' Built circ. 1679, and so called after the Greek Church in Soho Fields.' But it seems unnecessary to go so far away for a name when we have a church to which the street directly leads. It is true the church of St. Anne was not finished till 1686, but the site was determined upon and the building was certainly commenced long before probably when the parish was first formed out of that of St. Martin's in 1678.

This street was chiefly inhabited in the 18th century by watch makers, jewellers, lapidaries, and various workers in stones and the precious metals. These handicraftsmen were mostly natives of France and Switzerland.

COMPTON STREET (OLD)

The street was named after Sir Francis Compton, to whom Charles II. demised a large portion of the marsh land adjoining the Hospital of St. Giles. One or two houses with grounds, dotted here and there, might be seen upon this spot in the time of Charles I., but it was not until towards the end of the reign of his successor (1682) that Old Compton Street was built. Strype, in 1720, says, 'Compton Street, very long, which from Hog Lane runneth west wards into Wardour Street. This street is broad, and the houses well built, but of no great account for its inhabitants, which are chiefly French.'

COMPTON STREET (NEW)
New Compton Street, when first formed, was denominated Stiddolph Street, from Sir William Stiddolph, who had a house and grounds here. This and the intermediate streets originally formed part of the site of the Hospital grounds. Strype, in 1720, calls it 'Stedwel Street,' and said that it was 'very ordinary both for buildings and inhabitants. This place crosses Stacies street, then falls into Kendrick Yard, and so into St. Giles's by the church. Out of Stedwel Street is Vinegar Yard, which leads into Phoenix Street, butting on Hog Lane, against the French church, and runs down to the backside of St. Giles's churchyard, where there is a little passage into Lloyd's Court. All these streets and places are very meanly built and as ordinarily inhabited; the greatest part by French and of the poorest sort.'

CROWN STREET See HOG LANE.

DEAN STREET
Dean Street extends, in a parallel direction with Frith Street and Greek Street, from Oxford Street to Shaftesbury Avenue. From the rate books of St. Martin in the Fields it appears that the building of Dean Street was commenced in the year 1681.

DUKE STREET

1799 Duke Street

FRITH STREET (Also known as Thrift Street.)
Frith Street, extending from Soho Square southwards to Shaftesbury Avenue, is one of the old streets of Soho, having been built about the year 1680. Hatton says of it:' Frith Street, a very considerable street between King's (or Soho) Square .... and King Street near St. Anne's Church This street was so called from Mr. Fryth, a great (and once rich) builder.' The name of this builder appears, however, to have been Thrift, and in early in stances where this street is mentioned it is often called Thrift Street. Strype's edition of Stow speaks of it as being 'graced with good buildings well inhabited, especially towards Golden Square.'

GERRARD STREET
Gerrard Street, according to the rate books of St. Martin's, was built about the year 1681, and was so called after Charles Gerard, the first Earl of Macclesfield. The building of Gerrard Street was substantially complete by 1685.

GRAFTON STREET
Grafton Street, which once led from Gerrard Street to Little Earl Street, was destroyed when Shaftesbury Avenue was constructed. It was so named from the Dukes of Grafton, to whom some of the property in the immediate neighbourhood belonged. The mansion of the Dukes of Grafton, shorn of its grace and divided into several tenements for haberdashers of small wares, might still be seen, until recent times, on the right hand side of the street coming from Newport Market. Next door to the mansion was an antique little chapel of considerable interest, which was built for a French congregation, called ' La Charenton.'

GREEK STREET.
This street, described by Hatton in 1708 as 'pleasant and spacious,' has been by some supposed to have been called after the Christian name of the man who was so closely associated with the formation of Soho Square and the adjacent streets Gregory King it having been called Grig Street.' A much more natural and reasonable explanation, however, is that it was named after the Greek refugees who at one time were settled hereabout, and whose church, now St. Mary's in Charing Cross Road, was situated in what was in early days known as Hog Lane. Early maps of the district support this explanation.

HAYE'S COURT
The following is the description of this street in Strype's edition of Stow: 'Hayes Street, or rather Alley, being but small and narrow, with a freestone pavement.'

HOG LANE
Hog Lane, once known as Elde (Old) Lane, afterwards called Crown Street, and now forming part of Charing Cross Road, was built about the year 1675. In Strype's edition of Stow (1720 edition), it is described as ' a place not over well built or inhabited.' The whole of the east side was removed when Charing Cross Road was constructed.

Hogarth’s well known picture of 'Noon,’ in which the French Chapel in Hog Lane is introduced, contains also another building, from which is suspended the sign of a headless woman. This sign, generally known as the ‘ Good Woman ‘ or the 'Silent Woman,’ appears to have been particularly applied to oil shops, such as the one re presented in the picture. Its original meaning is supposed to have had reference to a female saint who met her death by the privation of her head. In time, however, it became converted into a joke against the fair sex, whose alleged loquacity was considered to be satirised by the representation.

KING STREET
Strype, writing of this street in 1720, calls it 'a pretty good street, but not so broad as most in these parts; yet well inhabited.’ Until the formation of Shaftesbury Avenue in 1883–6 part of its course was occupied by King Street, which extended from Wardour Street to Moor Street. This part of Shaftesbury Avenue was formed by setting back the line of frontage of the south side of King Street, all the buildings there being demolished, and by a minor re-alignment to the east of Greek Street.

King Street marked the course of an ancient highway which is clearly shown on sixteenth-century maps. The 'Agas' map marks it, not very accurately, as a curved and tree-lined road extending from the cross-roads on approximately the site of Cambridge Circus to Colman Hedge Lane (now Wardour Street). The plan of 1585 marks it, much more correctly, with a gate on either side, leading into St. Giles's Field on the north and St. Martin's Field on the south, and shows how at its western end travellers leaving London turned left down Colman Hedge Lane and then right along the modern Coventry Street to Piccadilly, at that time the principal route to the west.

In the 1620's ground on the south side of the highway was enclosed for the formation of the Military Ground. Development began on this site in 1677 (see below) and the highway, named presumably as a conventional compliment to the sovereign, first appears as King Street in 1678. (fn. 1) Development of the north side followed shortly afterwards on the Crown land which was later to become part of the Portland estate. Ogilby and Morgan's map of 1681–2 shows the street half built. It was completed in c. 1691–2 when the north side west of Dean Street was built up on the rector's glebe land.

Many of the original houses were demolished at the time of the redevelopment of the estate in the 1730's. Among the builders who erected new houses were Joseph Buckoke and John Meard. (fn. 6)

A watercolour drawing by J. P. Emslie, dated 1885, shows some of the houses on the south side of King Street shortly before they were pulled down for the formation of Shaftesbury Avenue. With the exception of the third house from the right-hand side, they were all built in the 1730's, the group on the left-hand side being part of Whetten's Buildings. They are numbered 12–23 (from right to left) on Horwood's map of 1792–9, the last house in King Street and the corner house in Macclesfield Street being amalgamated as No. 23. The first five houses from the east end of the row (Nos. 13–17) had uniform fronts, each three storeys high and two windows wide, with plain pilaster-strips marking the party walls, and a cornice surmounted by a plain parapet at roof level. They were generally similar to No. 2 Gerrard Place, which was also part of Whetten's Buildings. Erected in 1731, they were let on 18 August of that year, three to John Whetten of St. Anne's, bricklayer, and two to Charles Carpenter of St. Margaret's, Westminster, carpenter. West of the uniform group was a pair of houses (Nos. 18–19) sharing a plain front, which were being demolished in 1885. They were built in 1737, (fn. 4) replacing a house sold to Joseph Kendall of St. Anne's, gentleman, in 1735. Each house was presumably three storeys high and three windows wide. One retained a doorway with a hood projecting on horizontal consoles.

The exact boundary of the parish is as follows. Commencing at the east end of Oxford Street, it turns southward down Charing Cross Road to Cambridge Circus, thence eastward through West Street to Upper St. Martin's Lane, down which it pursues its route; through Great Newport Street to Charing Cross Road, along Bear Street, across Leicester Square to Spur Street, up Whitcomb Street and Wardour Street to Oxford Street, where it turns eastward to the point of starting.

The Square itself, from the earliest years of its existence, seems to have been the centre of aristocratic and fashionable life. Some beautiful examples of gentlemen's houses were built around it, and the reserved portion was originally laid out with great care. In the centre was a fountain.

The site of Monmouth House was subsequently occupied by the narrow alley called Bateman's Buildings, and the Hospital for Women now stands upon a part of the site.

LEICESTER SQUARE
According to old maps, it appears that Leicester Fields (as the space now known as Leicester Square was called) were intersected from the north east to the south west corner by a footpath or small track, and that the present boundary of Soho follows pretty much the same course. There was also another path across the fields in a direction nearly east and west.

In former times the most prominent feature in the district was Leicester House, a mansion built by Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester. It was an old fashioned house of considerable breadth, with a fine Courtyard in front and a large Dutch garden in the rear. Leicester House, which is said to have been the second house bearing that name erected practically upon the same spot, has long since been demolished, and its site is occupied by Leicester Place, the Post Office, and Lisle Street. The house was built on what was known as Lammas land, or land open to the poor after Lammas tide.

Leicester Square, previously known as Leicester Fields, was built about the year 1635. In its earlier days this was quite a fashionable neighbourhood.

LICHFIELD STREET
Lichfield Street was once a street of some consequence, in spite of its present forlorn appearance. Report speaks of its fashionable inhabitants in olden time, which is confirmed by a passage in Smith’s Life of Nollekens.

'Waiting upon a Mr. Banks, at No. 3 in this street, he says Mr. Banks informed me that the house had been the residence of Lady Betty Paulet; and that Lord Hinchinbrook, who was then the owner of considerable property in that quarter, assured him that it had been a mansion originally of high importance. When, about thirty years since, Mr. Banks made the purchase, he found the cornice and even the hinges of the doors gilt. From the heavy panelling of the rooms, and the large circular balls on the staircase, I should conjecture the house to have been built in the time of Oliver Cromwell or Charles the Second; but the front is evidently modern, and the premises originally must have been more extensive.’

LISLE STREET
Lisle Street, the first turning north of, and parallel with, Leicester Square, is thus described in Strype’s edition of Stow, 1820 edition:

‘ Lisle Street comes out of Prince’s Street, and runs up to Leicester garden wall. Both these streets (viz., Lisle Street and Leicester Street) are large, well built, and inhabited by gentry.’

In Lisle Street was the shop and residence of George and William Smith, the eminent printsellers. Here, too, Edmund Kean passed a large portion of his strangely erratic boyhood. It is said that his uncle, Moses Kean, had a brass collar made for his neck, inscribed, ‘ This boy belongs to No. 9 Lisle Street, Leicester Square. Please bring him home.’

MACCLESFIELD STREET
Macclesfield Street, leading from Gerrard Street to Compton Street, was so named after Charles Gerard, first Baron Gerard of Brandon and first Earl of Macclesfield.

MEARD'S COURT
Meard’s Court and Meard’s Street take their name from the builder of that name. A small stone let into the wall at the Dean Street end gives the date 1732.

MOOR STREET
Moor Street, leading from Cambridge Circus to Greek Street, is described in Strype’s edition of Stow as ‘ short, narrow, and of no great account.’

In this street was formerly an old house with pillars before it, called The French ‘Change.’ The place was much frequented by natives of France who had fled to England at the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Here they met and communicated with each other upon their several concerns, and hence arose the large number of a la mode beef shops for the convenience of the neighbourhood. This building stood on the site of the entrance to the Swiss Chapel.

NEWPORT ALLEY
The following is the account of this alley in Strype’s Stow, 1720:‘ Newport Alley a great passage into So Ho, and those new built places. It is for the generality inhabited by French; as indeed are most of these streets and alleys, which are ordinarily built, and the rents cheap. It is a place of good trade. Out of this alley is a passage into Newport Market.

Little Newport Street, at the back of this alley, ordinarily built and inhabited, being much annoyed with coaches and carts into the So Ho and those parts.’

NEWPORT STREET
Newport Street,’ according to the 1720 edition of Strype’s Stow, 'fronts Long Acre. The North side .... hath far the best buildings, and is inhabited by gentry; whereas on the other side dwell ordinary tradespeople, of which several are of the French nation.’

The west end of Newport Street was removed when Charing Cross Road was constructed.

NEWPORT MARKET
Newport Market, which, like Newport Street, derived its name from Newport House, was once celebrated for its large number of butchers’ shops. In and around the market there were formerly from forty to fifty butchers, and several slaughter houses. A large number of animals were killed there, the weekly average, according to one authority, being from 300 to 400 bullocks, from 500 to 700 sheep, and from 50 to 100 calves. As many as 1000 or 900 sheep have occasionally been killed in this neighbourhood in a week. It is recorded that a grant was made to John Bland, Esq., in 1687, of a market three days in the week, to be held in 'Newport Garden,’ for the sale of all merchandise except live cattle.

This neighbourhood has been entirely changed by the construction of Charing Cross Road and Sandringham Buildings, and Newport Market is entirely swept away.

PRINCE’S STREET.
Prince’s Street, extending from Coventry Street to Old Compton Street, was so called from the military garden of Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son of James I. In 1880, the name was abolished, and the whole length of street from Coventry Street to Oxford Street was named Wardour Street. The Plough Inn, Prince's Street, was the starting place for coaches for Lincolnshire.

QUEEN STREET
Queen Street (now named Bateman Street) had but a few houses in it until long after Strype’s time. Writing in 1720, he says:

‘Queen Street fronts Dean Street on the west and Greek Street on the east, a place not very considerable, having on the north side dead walls, which generally are dirty and ill kept.’ The dead walls here alluded to were the garden walls of the Duke of Monmouth’s mansion, which existed until 1773, when the house and gardens were demolished and the present Bateman’s Buildings erected on the site.

A newspaper paragraph of April, 1764, informs us ‘a new chapel is erecting for the use of his Excellency the Count de Guerchy, the French Ambassador, in Queen Street, near Thrift street, Soho.’ This was in the gardens of Monmouth House, then in the occupation of the Count de Guerchy. When the Ambassador vacated the premises, the chapel was rented by a Society of French Protestants, who occupied it for some time. At length, Monmouth House being taken by Lord Cornwallis, about 1782, the congregation removed to other quarters.

ROSE STREET
Rose Street, built about the year 1690, leads from Charing Cross Road to Greek Street.

RYDER’S COURT
Ryder’s Court, which once led from Little Newport Street to Cranbourne Street, is said to have been so named from its being the alley or entrance to the Military Ground close by. There was, however, a Captain Ryder, who lived in this neighbourhood as early as the year 1660, and the name may perhaps have been derived from him.

ST. ANNE’S COURT
St. Anne’s Court, leading from Dean Street to Wardour Street, was, about a century ago, thickly inhabited by the poorer sort of French and Swiss refugees.

SHAFTESBURY AVENUE
Shaftesbury Avenue, so named after the seventh Earl of Shaftes bury. It is upwards of eleven hundred yards in length and twelve yards in width.

It has a capacious subway for gas pipes, water mains, telegraph wires, &c., under its entire length, and in many respects it closely resembles Charing Cross Road, which it crosses at Cambridge Circus. It forms a direct means of communication between Piccadilly Circus and New Oxford Street, joining the latter near the British Museum, at the point where Hart Street, leading to Theobald’s Road and Clerkenwell Road, branches off from the main thoroughfare of Oxford Street and High Holborn.

The following streets were modified or absorbed in constructing Shaftesbury Avenue: Dudley Street, Moor Street, Grafton Street, King Street, Richmond Street, Great Windmill Street, and Tichborne Street. Sidney Place, formerly known as Sidney Alley, leading from Leicester Street to Wardour Street, was so named from the Sidneys, Earls of Leicester.

SOHO STREET See CHARLES STREET.

SUTTON STREET Sutton Street, leading from Soho Square into Charing Cross Road, was so named from Sutton Court, near Chiswick, the family seat of the Falconbergs, whose town house was situated at Soho Square.

TICHFIELD STREET.
Tichfield Street, or Titchfield Street, as it was sometimes called, is marked in Rocque’s map of London as leading from Angel Hill (the top part of Dean Street) to Great Chapel Street. It was probably built about the year 1737.

WARDOUR STREET.
Wardour Street, leading from Oxford Street to Coventry Street, and forming the western boundary of Soho, was built in 1686, and so named from Henry, third Lord Arundel of Wardour.

WEST STREET.
West Street, leading from Upper St. Martin’s Lane to Cambridge Circus, is chiefly celebrated for the French chapel, known as La Tremblade.

At the corner of West Street is a house bearing a tablet with a bas relief sign of ragged staves crossed, with the letters 'S. G. F.’ and the date 1691. It was doubtless set up in compliment to Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester, who built Leicester House in the reign of Charles II. 'S. G. F.’ indicates the bounds of the parish of St. Giles in the Fields.

THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS OF SOHO.
St. Anne s Church St. Marys Church St. Patrick’s French and other foreign churches.

ST. ANNE’S CHURCH.
The singularly shaped spire of St. Anne’s has earned for this building the reputation of being one of the ugliest churches in London. This extraordinary spire, although the most prominent, is not the only unsightly feature in the fabric, and it seems not a little curious that St. Anne’s Parish, which was formed out of a portion of that of St. Martin in the Fields, should have a church of such mean and inadequate character, whilst its mother church, in Trafalgar Square, is such a well known and universally admired example of ecclesiastical architecture. Yet, St. Anne’s Church was designed by Sir Christopher Wren.

It is, as just stated, well known that the whole district which is now Soho originally belonged to the parish of St. Martin in the Fields, and it is an interesting fact in connexion with this that until recently the almshouses of St. Martin’s were in Crown Street, Soho, where Chapel Place afterwards stood.

St. Anne’s had no separate or distinct existence as a parish until 1678, when the new neighbourhood which had grown up in the Soho Fields was found to be awkwardly situated with regard to its church and inadequately furnished with means for supplying its spiritual needs, and an Act of Parliament was accordingly passed in 1678 for making a new parish.

The inhabitants proceeded to lay the foundations of a chapel of ease in Kemp’s Field, which, after the formation of the parish, was proceeded with as a church. An Act of Parliament, dated 1685, enabled the inhabitants of the Parish of St. Anne within the Liberty of Westminster to raise money to build a church to be the parish church there.

By this Act, also, the Rector and his successors are, in right of the church, entitled in fee to a parcel of ground, then called King’s Field, but now King Street, of the length of 213 feet and depth of 45 feet, with a power of granting building leases, for the term of forty one years, at 4s. per foot annually, fronting the street; and at the expiration of that term, the Rector to devise the houses thereon, for the term of forty years, upon a reasonable improved rent, without taking a fine. It is worthy of note that the institution of this parish affords what is believed to be the earliest known instance of the yearly stipend of the Rector being dependent upon the pew rents of the church.

The church being finished, it was, together with its cemetery, consecrated by Henry, Bishop of London, on March 21st, 1685. The church soon became a fashionable one, and we find persons of consequence anxious to procure sittings in it.

On January I2th, 1689/90, Evelyn tells us, ‘there was read at St. Ann’s Church, an exhortatory letter to the clergy of London, from the Bishop, together with a Brief for relieving the distressed Protestants, the Vaudois, who fled from the persecution of the French and Duke of Savoy to the Protestant cantons of Switzerland.’

PARISH REGISTERS.
The registers of births, marriages, and deaths are complete from the year in which the church was built, 1687.

CHURCHYARD
Towards the end of the year 1891 the Metropolitan Gardens Association offered to lay out the churchyard as a public garden. The rector and churchwardens agreed to the proposal upon the understanding that the Strand Board of Works would provide the small maintenance sum required for the purpose. The Board having acceded to this request, the ground was laid out and opened to the public on June 27th, 1892, by Lady Hobhouse.

THE CHURCH OF ST. MARY THE VIRGIN, CHARING CROSS ROAD.
The Church of St. Mary the Virgin, in Charing Cross Road, has an extremely interesting and strangely varied history. The building was originally commenced as a Greek Church in the year 1677, and was the first church of its kind in England, being built for the use of the Greek colony in London.

It appears that the Greek colony, which at first was fairly strong in Greek Street and the neighbourhood, removed eastward about the year 1682.

The use of this church by the French Protestants is immortalised in Hogarth’s well known painting, ‘Noon.’ At the time when the picture was painted, Hog Lane and the adjacent streets were to a large extent peopled by French refugees and their descendants, and the artist has chosen as his scene the outside of the French church in Hog Lane, when the congregation are dispersing after the morning service. The exact time, as indicated upon the dial of St. Giles’s Church in the distance, is seven or eight minutes before mid day, and amongst those who are shown as emerging from the doorway is the figure of the Rev. Thomas Herve, who was the minister there from about 1727 to 1731. It is said to have been a very good likeness, and it is interesting to know that the actual doorway depicted by Hogarth may still be seen on the south wall of St. Mary's Church.

The French congregation, under the name of 'Les Grecs,' remained in possession until 1822.

FRENCH AND OTHER FOREIGN CHURCHES.
There were once in Soho several chapels for the convenience of the French, Swiss, and other foreigners who formed so large a proportion of the population of the district.

The following is a list of those in Soho and its immediate environs:

The French Church in Hog Lane.
The French Church in Ryder's Court.
The French Church in Castle Street.
The French Church in Berwick Street.
The French Church in Little Chapel Street.
The French Church in West Street.
The French Church in Grafton Street.
The French Church at Monmouth House.
The French Church in Dudley Court.
The French Church in Edward Street; and
The Swiss Church in Moor Street.

Strype, speaking of the French churches in this parish, says:

‘Where our Liturgy, turned into French is used, French Ministers that are refugees, episcopally ordained, officiating: several whereof are hereabouts seen walking in the Canonical Habit of the English Clergy. Abundance of French People, many whereof are voluntary exiles for their religion, live in these streets and lanes, following honest trades; and some gentry of the same nation.’

The French church in Hog Lane has been referred to already in the account of St. Mary’s Church, Charing Cross Road.

The churches in Ryder’s Court and Castle Street have been entirely demolished, as is also the case with that in Berwick Street (St. Luke's Church, Berwick Street, now occupies the site). The last named church was used from 1689 to 1694 by a congregation called ‘La Patente,’ or ‘ Le Temple.’

The church does not appear to have been used as a place of worship after 1788, and was subsequently converted into a room for the performance of private theatricals.

The church or chapel in Little Chapel Street was originally built for French refugees in the reign of Charles II. In recent times it was converted into a hall in connection with the movement initiated by Mr. Robert S. Hudson, of Chester, and called Wardour Hall. Its lease having expired, it was pulled down in 1894.

The church in West Street, erected for the use of a congregation of French refugees, called 'La Pyramide,’ or 'La Tremblade,’ was subsequently turned into an Episcopalian chapel. Rev. John Wesley preached here between the years 1743 and 1793. The register of this church, with that of 'La Charenton,’ was for many years deposited with the congregation of 'Les Grecs.’ It contains a list of baptisms from September 20th, 1706, to April 15th, 1742, and of marriages from November 2nd, 1706, to July 24th, 1741.

The church in Grafton Street was used by a congregation called La Charenton’. The register covers the period from 1701 to 1705. The congregation vacated the church before 1706. After the year 1729 the building passed into the hands of the Baptists.

Of the modern chapels, &c., of Soho, it will perhaps suffice to mention the Welsh Presbyterian Chapel near Cambridge Circus, in Charing Cross Road, designed by James Cubitt, and the handsome French Protestant Church in Soho Square, recently erected from the designs of Aston Webb.

INSTITUTIONS, TAVERNS, PLACES OF AMUSEMENT, ETC.HOSPITALS, ETC.
The following are the chief hospitals in Soho, with the date of their establishment:
The Hospital for Women, Soho Square, 1842.
The National Hospital for Diseases of the Heart and Paralysis, Soho Square, 1857.
The Royal Ear Hospital, Frith Street, 1816.
The Lock Hospital, Dean Street, 1862.
The Dental Hospital, Leicester Square, 1858.
St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Leicester Square, 1863.
Westminster General Dispensary, Gerrard Street, 1774.
In addition to certain local charities bequeathed to the parishes of St. Anne and St. Mary, the following are some of the other charitable institutions in Soho which are largely or entirely supported by voluntary effort:
The House of Charity for Distressed Persons in London, Greek Street, 1846.
Soho Club and Home for Working Girls, Greek Street.
St. John Baptist's Home (Orphan and Industrial School), Rose Street, 1862.
St. Andrew’s Home and Club for Working Boys, Dean Street, 1866.

ALDRIDGE’S REPOSITORY
The horse repository in St. Martin’s Lane, named, from its original proprietor, 'Aldridge’s,’ was established in 1753 thirteen years earlier than Tattersall’s. From its commencement, Aldridge’s has been a well known mart for nearly all kinds of horses, except racers. It is, however, specially famous for the sale of middle class and tradesmen’s horses. As soon as the West End season is over, the London job master sells off his superfluous stock, and this market is the recognised medium for getting rid of the horses for which he has no further, or, at any rate, no immediate use. Many horses sold at this period are purchased by seaside men, whose harvest is about to commence.

Coach horses are frequently sold here at the present time, just as they used to be sold in the olden days. The present proprietors are Messrs. W. & S. Freeman.

ST. ANNE'S SCHOOLS.
St. Anne's Schools have a history of nearly 200 years. They were founded in 1699, not by the National Society, but by the parish for the parish, for the purpose of giving to the children of the poor of St. Anne's sound secular and religious education. The original premises were in Rose Street, and in the early days of the school the children were not only taught, but housed, fed, and clothed at the expense of the school funds. About the year 1846, paying day scholars were for the first time admitted, and in a few years they outnumbered the charity scholars, who gradually disappeared altogether. In 1872, owing to the increased number of scholars, it was found necessary to obtain new premises, and the large premises in Dean Street, known as Caudwell's Dancing Academy, were purchased at a large cost and adapted for school purposes.

SOHO BAZAAR.
The Bazaar, in Soho Square, ‘opened to encourage female and domestic industry,’ was established by Mr. John Trotter in 1816, and opened to the public on February 1st in that year. It was an important institution, both on account of its having been the first establishment of its kind in this country and also from the immense popularity it once enjoyed. In an account of Soho Bazaar, published about three months after it was opened, it is stated that the average number of daily visitors was about 2500, and local tradition still speaks of the days when persons of consequence and position made their purchases here in such numbers that the adjacent portions of Soho Square were occupied by two or three rows of waiting carriages.

Soho Bazaar, at Nos. 4, 5, and 6 Soho Square, was planned by Mr. Trotter solely with a benevolent motive. At the termination of the war, when a large number of widows, orphans, and dependent relatives of those who had lost their lives on foreign service were in distress, and unable to find employment, he conceived the idea of affording them advantages to begin business without great risk and outlay of capital.

The area occupied by Soho Bazaar was admirably suited to a large business house:it was upwards of 270 feet in length on the side next to Oxford Street, and its Dean Street frontage extended to upwards of 130 feet. The building, as at first fitted up, consisted of several very lofty and spacious rooms, five of which were occupied by the bazaar in the early days of its history. ‘ The door opens out of Soho Square,’ says a contemporary writer; '‘ the first room you enter is sixty two feet long, thirty six broad, and about eleven high. The walls are hung with red cloth from top to bottom, and around them, at a distance of about five feet from the ceiling, runs a piece of black tape, above which the tenants are not allowed, without leave, to hang or expose any of their goods, the upper part being reserved .... for charitable and benevolent purposes.

After an existence of nearly eighty years, the Soho Bazaar appears to have reached the last phase of decadence. Its premises have become almost entirely absorbed by the business house of Messrs. A. & C. Black, the well known publishers, and probably it will soon be an institution of the past.

SOHO ACADEMY.
The house on the north side of the Square, now No. 8, was formerly the celebrated Soho Academy.The schoolroom of this celebrated academy was a large apartment at the back of the house, the entrance being in Oxford Street. It was afterwards converted into a chapel.

THE DEAN STREET Music Room.
The 'Great Concert Room/ as it was called, figures conspicuously in the fashionable annals of London for a long series of years, commencing in the year 1750, and extending beyond the beginning of the present century. It was a large house, partly in Dean Street (No. 17), and partly in Frith Street (No. 67), which had been inhabited by the Venetian Ambassador. It was known as Caudwell's Dancing Academy in 1872, when it was acquired by the parish and adapted for the use of St. Anne's Schools.

THE PALACE THEATRE, CAMBRIDGE CIRCUS.
The foundation of this superb theatre was laid on December I5th, 1888, and in January, 1891, it was opened as the Royal English Opera House. It is by far the handsomest and most commodious of London theatres. The building, designed by Mr. T. E. Collcutt, is mainly of red brick and terra cotta externally, and white glazed brick, concrete, and ornamental marble internally. The auditorium will accommodate nearly 2000 persons. The marble lined vestibule is entered from Cambridge Circus, and the grand staircase, which is one of the chief features of the building, cost for the marble alone about 25007. The proscenium arch is also of solid marble, and cost about 1,500. The curtain is largely composed of asbestos, and the electric light is used throughout the building.

For some time past the building has been converted into a Palace of Varieties, under the name of the Palace Theatre.

THE ROYALTY THEATRE.
This theatre, once known as ‘Miss Kelly’s Theatre,’ afterwards as ‘Soho Theatre,’ then as the c Royalty Theatre,’ and now as the 'New Royalty Theatre,’ is situated at No. 73 Dean Street. In 1854, T. H. Mowbray reopened the house as the ‘Soho Theatre,’ and French plays were for the first time introduced for the benefit of the large number of French residents in the neighbourhood.

PUNCH’S THEATRE.
The great exhibitor of Punch, immortalised by Steele in the Tatler and by Addison in the Spectator was the celebrated Mr. Powell, whose first theatre in London was situated at the upper end of St. Martin’s Lane, adjoining Lichfield Street. The Daily Courant, of January 27th, 1711, contains the following announcement…….
‘ PUNCHES THEATRE, or Powell from the Bath, is removed from the End of St. Martin’s lane to the 7 Stars in the Little Piazza, Covent Garden (being a place both warmer and fitter to receive Persons of Quality, &c.). the manner of the ancient Britons, with the Walks, Groves, and Representation of the King’s Bath and new Pump house. The Figures of Ladies and Gentlemen all moving in real Water. Beginning exactly at 6 of the Clock.’

In July of the same year the old theatre was advertised to be let. The Daily Courant of July gth, 1711, has the following announcement:

‘ Punch’s Opera, with a very large piece of Ground and a Dwelling House, at the upper end of St. Martin’s Lane, joyningLitchfield Street end, fit for a Coachmaker, Soap boyler, Carpenter’s Yard, &c., to be let on a long lease or otherwise. Enquire at Mr. Tho. Daniell’s, at the Crown, near the same place.'

OLD TAVERNS, ETC.
Many of the taverns and refreshment houses of Soho have interesting associations with the celebrities of bygone days. If space permitted, a long chapter might easily be written upon this aspect of Soho and its inhabitants; but, since it does not, the following have been selected for notice. The foreign element in the population of the district is naturally reflected in the signs chosen for many of the houses.

THE BLUE POSTS. once a public house in Dean Street, was for a time the meeting place of the celebrated club of artists who had formerly met at the 'Feathers ‘ Tavern, Leicester Place. It was at the ‘ Blue Posts ‘ that the club dwindled down to two or three members, viz., Edridge, the portrait draughtsman; Alexander, of the British Museum; and Edmunds, the upholsterer, who had been undertaker to the greater part of the club.

THE FEATHERS. a public house in Leicester Place, close by Leicester Square, was the sign given as a compliment to Frederick, Prince of Wales, son of George II., who lived at Leicester House, called ‘the Pouting place of Princes,’ from the fact that he was at that time on bad terms with his father.

When this house was taken down to make way for Dibdin’s theatre, called the Sans Souci, the club adjourned to the ‘ Coach and Horses,’ in Castle Street, Leicester Fields; but, in consequence of the members not being very profitable customers, the landlord one evening ventured to let them out with a farthing candle, and they betook themselves to Gerrard Street, and thence to the ‘ Blue Posts,’ in Dean Street, where the club, as has been mentioned, dwindled to two or three members, and at last died out.

THE GENOA ARMS.The 'Genoa Arms,’ Hayes Court, was a place of great resort for foreigners at the end of the eighteenth century.

THE HERCULES’ PILLARS. This singular sign has been given to a public house at No. 7 Greek Street. Hercules’ Pillars was the classic name for the Straits of Gibraltar, which point was once supposed to be the utmost limit of the world in that direction. There is another public house with this sign at Great Queen Street, and yet another once existed at Hyde Park Corner.

THE INTREPID FOX. Honest Sam House, who kept the public house at the corner of Peter Street and Wardour Street, the ‘ Intrepid Fox,’ was an old resident of Soho and remarkable for his oddities and for his political zeal in behalf of the Whigs. During the celebrated Westminster election of 1784, he kept open house at his own expense, and was honoured with the company of many of the Whig aristocracy. An early caricature, by Gilray, entitled ‘Returning from Brooks’s,’ represents the Prince of Wales in a state of considerable inebriety, wearing the election cockade and supported by Fox and the patriotic publican. The wit of the ministerial papers was often expended on honest Sam. At the beginning of the election, when Fox seemed to be in a hopeless minority, one of them inserted a paragraph stating that the publican had committed suicide in despair. He is said to have been a very successful canvasser in the course of the election.

JACK'S COFFEE HOUSE. at the corner of Queen Street and Dean Street (afterwards Walker’s Hotel), was so called after John Roberts, one of the singers at Garrick’s, Drury Lane.

THE PALATINE'S HEAD. The 'Palatine's Head ' is mentioned as the sign of an inn near the French Change in Moor Street, Soho. It was so named in honour of the Elector Palatine, who married the daughter of James I.

THE ROSE AND CROWN. The ‘Rose and Crown’ Crown Street, now No. 119 Charing Cross Road, is probably the house which gave Crown Street its name. There is another public house in Soho with the same sign at 85 Dean Street.

THE TURK’S HEAD The house No. 9 Gerrard Street, now the Westminster General Dispensary, was formerly the 'Turk’s Head Tavern,’ celebrated in the latter half of the last century as the great rendezvous for artists and literary men.

THE TWO CHAIRMEN This curious sign of a public house in Wardour Street is an interesting survival of bygone times. It was doubtless given at the period when sedan chairs where the means of conveyance often used by the fashionable inhabitants of Soho.

FOREIGNERS IN SOHO.
ONE of the most remarkable features in connection with the inhabitants of Soho is the large proportion of foreigners who have been present from the earliest period of its history. There have been three main waves of French colonisation. The first occurred in 1685, when a large number of Huguenots fled to Soho after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The second period occurred after the Reign of Terror. The third was in the year 1871, when many Communists, who escaped from Paris, sought refuge in Soho.

The present Rector of St. Anne’s, Soho, estimates that French and Italians form about one fourth part of the population of his parish, whilst there are also a considerable number of Jews, Swiss, Germans, and Scandinavians.

A Greek colony was founded in Soho between the years 1670 and 1680, and the Greek church (now St. Mary’s) was erected as a place of worship for them.
Foreign refugees from nearly every part of Europe have settled in Soho. At a meeting of the London City Mission upon one occasion at Soho, there were present no less than ten Italians who had been condemned to death for political offences. Republican and Monarchist, Orleanist and Imperialist, Communist and Italian Revolutionist, have all at various times taken up their temporary abode in this quarter when obliged to flee from their own country.

This aspect of Soho has, indeed, been immortalised by Dickens in his Tale of Two Cities. Here it was, in a quiet corner of Soho, that Dr. Manette’s house was situated, and here it was that Sydney Carton hopelessly watched the love of Charles Darnay and Lucille Manette in the years before the great French Revolution.

The places of worship in this neighbourhood bear eloquent testimony to its long established foreign character. As early as 1672 a chapel was built in Orange Street by the English Government for the benefit of French refugees. In 1689 a chapel was opened in Wardour Street by the escaped Huguenots. There was also a French Ambassador’s chapel in Soho Square in 1690. Dean Street, Berwick Street, Crown Street, and Newport Market each possessed its own Huguenot chapel. These are more particularly described in another part of this volume, but the mere mention of them is sufficient to indicate pretty clearly the large proportion of foreign, and especially French, refugees who made Soho their home.

THE WATCH.
The parish of St. Anne, in common with other adjoining districts, had its regular system of watchmen, who perambulated the streets at night, proclaimed the state of the weather and the hour by the clock, and were supposed at least to keep something like general order among the inhabitants. They were employed under the direction of the Parish Beadles, four of whom were attached to the parish, two to each of the two wards into which its area was divided.

The Night Watch of London, instituted in the middle of the thirteenth century, seems to have been founded chiefly for the announcement of the hour before the introduction of public clocks, but from time to time various other duties were added. Thus, we find, by a proclamation issued by Lord Mayor Barber in 1732, that the Court of Common Council required the several Aldermen 'to call before them the several Constables and Beadles within their respective Wards, and to give them strictly in Charge, that if they or any of them shall find any poor Vagrant Child, or Children, or others, lurking in the Publick Streets of this City in the Night time, that they immediately apprehend such, and secure him, her, or them in their Watch house, or some other convenient Place, until they convey them before some Justice of the Peace,’ &c.

The duties of the Beadles, Constables, and Watchmen were more fully and particularly defined in a proclamation issued by Lord Mayor Beckford in 1763. From this it appears that ‘no Beadle shall be allowed to act for Hire, as a Deputy Constable, but that every Beadle shall be admitted and sworn as an Extra Constable, in order the better to enable him to discharge the Duties of the said Office, and that the Watchmen’s Stands in every Ward, where it is prac ticable, shall be so placed that each Watchman may be able to call to the next Stand for Assistance, whenever there shall be Occasion.’ It was also ordered ‘ that the Beadle of every Ward shall set the Watch, and see that the Number of Watchmen is compleat,’ &c. The Beadles were also required to see that the Constables of the Night and the Watchmen were constantly on duty for the specified number of hours, and that for this purpose they should at uncertain hours four times a week visit the Watch house and Watchmen at their Stands, and that they should report any irregularities to the Alderman or Deputy of the Ward.

From a copy of Rules, Regulations^ and Duty of Patroles and Watchmen for the parish of St. Anne, 1791, it appears c that each Watchman have a Stand or Beat, and that he be provided with a White Great Coat, a Cap, and Hood to be painted white, with an Inscription of the Words “ St. Anne’s Watch “ written in black letters, both on the Coat and Cap, and numbered regularly.’ The Watchmen were required to call aloud the time every quarter of an hour; if any house was broken open, the Watchman on that beat was liable to be instantly discharged, unless the Committee were of opinion that it was not through his neglect; the Christmas boxes were to be collected in each division of the parish by the Patrols and Watchmen together, and afterwards to be shared equally; good lights in lanterns were to be always kept in readiness at the Watch house from the time of the setting of the Watch, in order that the Beadle of the night might, upon hearing the rattle, repair to the place where wanted without delay. The wages of the Watchmen varied from one shilling and twopence to one shilling and sixpence a night, according to the time of the year.

A number of other regulations are precisely laid down, but they are too numerous to mention fully. An interesting foot note to these Rules reads:c N.B. From and after Michaelmas Day next, each Lamp will be furnished with large Burners, and will contain Sixteen Threads of the best Cotton, instead of Twelve, the present Quality.’

In the course of time, as the population of Soho increased in numbers and deteriorated in social quality, a ‘number of idle, disorderly, and dangerous persons ‘ were ‘constantly wandering about the streets,’ and a subscription list was accordingly opened by several of the principal inhabitants towards defraying the expense of employing c a certain Number of able bodied Men to patrole the Streets from the Time it becomes dark, until the Setting of the Watch.’ This list, which was opened on the 3rd of November, 1791, was liberally supported, and the sum of 1327. 16s. 6d. was raised in this way.

The names mentioned in the list are of so much local interest that it has been thought desirable to print them at the end of this volume. (Appendix B.)

In connection with this subscription the following notice, printed on small cards, was apparently distributed from house to house throughout the parish:

SAINT ANNE, WESTMINSTER.
The Gentlemen appointed to collect the Subscriptions to employ a certain Number of able bodied Men to patrole the Streets Before the Watch is set, have taken the Liberty of calling on you for your Subscription in Aid thereof. Your Answer will be thankfully received at either of the Churchwardens, or at Mr. West’s in King Street.’

In 1793 seventeen ‘ able bodied men’ were employed to keep watch in the streets before the setting of the regular watch. They were furnished with a great coat, rattle, and staff, and were numbered according to their respective beats or wards. The watchmen so employed were paid one shilling a night, and the patrols were paid one shilling and sixpence. There were also four supernumeraries, who were each paid threepence on those nights when they were not on duty.

The following is a copy of the various beats to be perambulated by the early watch in 1793:

SAINT ANNE, WESTMINSTER - Beats appointed for the Early Watch.
1. Oxford Street, from Hog Lane to Wardour Street, taking in Leg Court, Charles Street, and Allen's Court.
2. Great Chapel Street, Hollen Street, King's Square Court, and from the corner thereof up Dean Street to Oxford Street, taking in Crown Court and Titchfield Street.
3. Wardour Street to Meard's Court, with Meard's Court, taking in Ship Yard, Swan Alley, and St. Anne's Court, as far as the Bull, and Little Chapel Street.
4. Soho Square, Sutton Street, Falconberg Court, Carlisle Street, and Bateman's Buildings.
5. Greek Street, Queen Street, Compton Street, and Church Street, each to Frith Street.
6. Frith Street, Queen Street, Compton Street, and Church Street, each from Frith Street to Dean Street.
7. Dean Street, from Carlisle Street to Compton Street, Milk Alley, as far as the Stables, Meard's Street, Richmond Buildings, and Saint Anne's Court, as far as the Bull.
8. Hog Lane, Rose Street, Compton Street, and Moor Street, from Hog Lane to Greek Street, taking in Star Court.
9. King Street, from Macclesfield Street, taking in Hayes Court, and Litchfield Street to Grafton Street, and the south side of Moor Street.
10. Gerrard Street, taking in Macclesfield Street, and Nassau Street, and Little Newport Street, to Ryder's Court, with New Lisle Street to Leicester Place.
11. Litchfield Street, from the Cock, Grafton Street, West Street, and the west side of Little St. Martin's Lane.
12. Great Newport Street, Castle Street, to Cranbourn Street, Cranbourn Passage, Little Newport Street, to Ryder's Court, taking in Earl's Court.
13. Newport Alley, Porter Street, Princes Court, and Newport Market, with Market Street.
14. Cranbourn Street, Cranbourn Alley, Ryder's Court, north side of Leicester Fields, Bear Street, and Castle Street, to Cranbourn Street.
15. Leicester Fields, west side, Spur Street, Whitcomb Street, Sidney's Alley, Princes Street to Lisle Street, with Lisle Street and Leicester Street.
16. Princes Street from Lisle Street, taking in George Yard, with Wardour Street to Meard's Court, and Milk Alley as far as the Stables.
17. Compton Street from Princes Street to Dean Street, along Dean Street to King Street, and King Street westward to Princes Street.

From a copy of Rules and Regulations to be observed by the Beadles of the Parish of St. Anne, Westminster, Printed in the Tear MDCCXCIV we find that two beadles were specially directed to look after each ward, and to walk about the same during all the hours of the day. The following were some of their duties set forth in detail:

‘ That upon the breaking out of any fire they shall immediately repair thereto (having on their laced hats) and be aiding and assisting as well in extinguishing the fire, and causing the people to work at the engines, as also in preventing goods being stolen ‘

‘ That they shall report to the Chairman of the Watch Committee, the names and places of abode of all persons who shall make, sell, utter or expose to sale any squibs, serpents, or other fireworks, as well as of all those who shall permit or suffer any such fireworks to be cast, thrown, or fired from any house or lodging, or in any street or highway ‘

‘ That they shall seize and apprehend any carter, drayman, waggoner, or other drivers, who may be seen riding upon their carriages, not having some person on foot to guide the same ‘

That they shall return to the Magistrates the names and places of abode of all persons who shall obstruct the streets with empty pipes, buts, barrels, casks, carts, carriages, drays, or other carriages '

' That if any sort or kind of swine are bred, fed, or kept within any part of the houses or backsides of the paved streets .... they shall inform the Vestry Clerk of the same '

'That they shall seize .... any person who shall .... drive any horse, ass, or other cattle upon any foot pavements within this parish, and immediately convey all such offenders before a magistrate.'

' That they shall apprehend all common beggars and other disorderly persons whom they shall find offending in the public streets in the day time.
. . . .’ ‘ That they do attend at the Church every Sunday morning and afternoon, a Quarter of an hour before the service begins.

That two of them do attend at the Church every Sunday evening ‘

‘ That one of the Beadles in rotation shall be at the Watch house on every night, half an hour before the time of setting the watch, to see that the Constable set the Watchmen in due time, and that they are provided with a great coat, staff and rattle, or such other accommodations as now are or shall hereafter be allowed ‘

‘ That if the Beadle .... after the hour of twelve in the night, observe any hackney coach standing, as if in waiting, before the door of any inhabitant, he shall immediately knock at such door, and enquire whether the coach be in waiting, in order to prevent any robbery being committed by such means.’ ‘ And finally, that if any, or either of the Beadles do receive or accept any reward or gratuity for acting contrary to these rules and regulations .... the Beadle so offending .... shall be liable to be dismissed from his office.’

Flaxman, the celebrated sculptor, during his residence at No. 27 Wardour Street, was chosen by the parish of St. Anne as one of the collectors of the Watch rate, and Mr. J. T. Smith mentions he has often seen him, 'with an ink bottle in his button hole, collecting the rate.'

The old Watch was discontinued, and a new Police (on duty day and night) took its place on September 2Qth, 1829.

The Watch house of St. Anne's Parish still remains close by the church. It bears the following inscription :'ST. ANNE'S WATCH HOUSE ERECTED A D M.DCCC.I.'

INTERESTING ADVERTISEMENTS.

Parish of St. Anne's Westminster, Evening Patrol [1791].

The Church Wardens and Overseers of this Parish, assisted by many other respectable inhabitants, particularly the Committee appointed last Year, to conduct the Business of the EVENING PATROL, have agreed to open a Subscription for the same Purpose this Winter, and (provided the Contributions will enable them) to employ SIXTEEN PATROL MEN to be on Duty, from Sun set till Ten of the Clock at Night; in the Selection of which, every possible Attention will be paid to Men of known good Character and Diligence.

The Gentlemen hope they need use no Argument to prove the real Utility of such a Safeguard, as every Master or Mistress of a Family must feel a Satisfaction in the Assurance of their Children and Servants, being protected from Insults or Injury in the Streets, from the close of the Day to the setting of the Nightly Watch.

They think it, however, their Duty to add, that as all the neighbouring Parishes have adopted some Plan of a like Nature, for the Safety of their Inhabitants, the Danger of neglecting to continue it in this Parish will be Double, as the Persons whose Practice it is to make Depredations on the Public, will certainly be found in the greatest Proportion, where they meet with the least Obstruction or Annoyance.

The Gentlemen therefore trust the Inhabitants will (as a Means for their own Security) readily contribute such Sums as they judge proper towards the Support of so beneficial an Undertaking; and it is hoped that no further Subscription will be required after the present year, as it is in tended to apply to Parliament to empower the Vestry to make a Rate for that Purpose; and the Draft of a Bill is left at the Office of the Vestry Clerk for the Inspection of the Inhabitants.

All voluntary Contributions will be thankfully received by Mr. Marshall of Great Newport street, Treasurer.
Mr. Lockett, of Sutton Street, Mr. Buttall, of Greek Street, Churchwardens.
Mr. Moorby, of Compton Street, Mr. Knight, of Compton Street, Mr. Pitts, of Litchfield Street, Mr. Richardson, of Oxford Street,Overseers.

A List of the Subscribers to the Fund last Year

Parish of St. Anne's Westminster, Evening Patrol [1791].

The Church Wardens and Overseers of this Parish, assisted by many other respectable inhabitants, particularly the Committee appointed last Year, to conduct the Business of the EVENING PATROL, have agreed to open a Subscription for the same Purpose this Winter, and (provided the Contributions will enable them) to employ SIXTEEN PATROL MEN to be on Duty, from Sun set till Ten of the Clock at Night; in the Selection of which, every possible Attention will be paid to Men of known good Character and Diligence.The Gentlemen hope they need use no Argument to prove the real Utility of such a Safeguard, as every Master or Mistress of a Family must feel a Satisfaction in the Assurance of their Children and Servants, being protected from Insults or Injury in the Streets, from the close of the Day to the setting of the Nightly Watch.They think it, however, their Duty to add, that as all the neighbouring Parishes have adopted some Plan of a like Nature, for the Safety of their Inhabitants, the Danger of neglecting to continue it in this Parish will be Double, as the Persons whose Practice it is to make Depredations on the Public, will certainly be found in the greatest Proportion, where they meet with the least Obstruction or Annoyance. The Gentlemen therefore trust the Inhabitants will (as a Means for their own Security) readily contribute such Sums as they judge proper towards the Support of so beneficial an Undertaking; and it is hoped that no further Subscription will be required after the present year, as it is intended to apply to Parliament to empower the Vestry to make a Rate for that Purpose; and the Draft of a Bill is left at the Office of the Vestry Clerk for the Inspection of the Inhabitants.

A General Meeting of the Inhabitants will be held in the VESTRY ROOM, on WEDNESDAY next, at ELEVEN o’Clock in the Forenoon, to receive Subscriptions and appoint the Patrol.


English inhabitants	2,142
English children under ten years of age	556
English servants	1,155
French inhabitants	612
French children under ten years of age	192
French servants	158
'Lodgers who are chiefly French, their Children and Servants'	3,318
Total	8,133


		St Martins Workhouse 1877- click on image to view larger version
St Annes

Mrs. Allison, Greek Street	0 10 6	Mr. Bray, Cranbourn Street	0 10 6
Messrs. Arnold and Walsh, Compton Street	0 10 6	Mr. Barlow, Cranbourn Passage	0 10 6
Mr. Allen, Soho Square	0 10 6	Mr. Buttall, Greek Street	0 10 6
Mr. Atkinson, Dean Street	0 10 6	Dr. Batten, Soho Square	1 01 0
Mr. Adams, Grafton Street....	0 10 6	Mr. Birch	0 10 6
Mr. Atkin, Little Newport Street	0 05 0	Mr. Bishop	0 10 6
Mr. Anstead, Wardour Street.	0 02 0	Mr. Brush	0 02 6
Mr. Assen, Hays's Court	0 02 0	Mr. Balliston, Porter Street. . 0 2 0	0 02 0
Mr. Allday, Carlisle Street	0 10 6
Mr. Angelo, Ditto	0 05 0	Mr. Buscarlet, Great Newport Street	0 01 0
Mr. Bolton, Queen Street	0 05 0	Mr. Bramwell, Litchfield Street	0 10 6
Mr. Blume, Compton Street	0 02 6	Mr. Bradford, Ditto ...	0 05 0
Mr. Bennett, Ditto ...	0 05 0	Mr. Bramhall, Newport Market	0 02 6
Mr. Bond, Ditto	0 10 6	Mr. Brown, Grafton Street	0 02 6
Mr. Beyer, Ditto	0 03 0	Mr. Billings, Ditto ...	0 05 0
Mr. Bannister, Frith Street. .	0 10 6	Mr. Blake, Little Newport Street	0 05 0
Rev. Dr. Barrow, Soho Square	0 10 6	Mr. Burton, Rider's Court	0 02 0
Mr. Brand, Ditto	0 10 6	Mr. Bagley, Ditto	0 02 6
Mr. Betsworth, Cranbourn Street	0 10 6	Collyer, Nath., Esq Lisle Street .,	0 10 6
Mr. Brown, Ditto	0 05 0	Mr. Corcoran, Compton Street	0 10 6
Mr. Barber, .Little Newport Street	0 10 6	Mr. Campbell, Litchfield Street	0 10 6
Mr. Bryant, Newport Street	0 01 0	Mr. Crompton, Church Street	0 10 6
Mr. Beckhuson, Princess Street	0 10 6	Mr. Clark, Cranbourn Street	0 10 6
Mr. Bright, Lisle Street	0 01 0	Mr. Clark Ryder's Court	0 10 6
Mr. Bolt, Sidney Street	0 05 0	Mr. Clark, Oxford Street	0 10 6
Mr. Beard, Ditto	0 05 0	Mr. Chandler, Leicester Fields	0 05 0
Mr. Bull, Leicester Square	0 05 0	Mr. Courtier, Great Newport Street	0 01 0
Mr. Brunton, Frith Street	0 01 0	Mr. Choice, Litchfield Street	0 10 6
Mr. Banks, Church Street	0 01 0	Mr. Crooks, Ditto	0 01 0
Mr. Briggs, Ditto	0 02 6	Mr. Clayfield, Grafton Street	0 05 0
Mr. Baldwin, King Street	0 01 0	Mr. Cook, Bear Street	0 02 6
Mr. Bishop, Great Newport Street	0 10 6	Mr. Clifton, Little Newport Street	0 02 6
Mr. Bonnet, Princes Street	0 10 6	Mr. Cromey, Compton Street	0 02 6
Boone, Thomas, Esq Nassau Street	1 1 0	Mr. Cocks, Ditto	0 01 0
Bowman, Edw., Esq Soho Square	0 10 6	Mr. Clements, Wardour Street	0 02 6
Mr. Boswood, Dean Street	0 01 0	Mr. Corner, Sidney Street	0 02 0
Messrs. Bishop and Brummell, Lisle Street	0 10 6	Mr. Conway, Ditto	0 05 0
Mrs. Beeston, Gerrard Street	0 02 6	Mr. Cook, Hays's Court	0 02 6
Birch, William, Esq Dean Street	0 10 6	Mr. Callaghan, Dean Street	0 01 0
Mr. Carpenter, Frith Street	0 10 6	Mr. Christ, Ryder's Court	0 01 0
Craufurd, P. G., Esq Soho Square	I 01 0	Mr. Crag, Hollen Street	0 02 6
John Chase, Esq., Frith Street	0 10 6	Mr Clark, Dean Street	0 01 0
Mr. Clark, King Street	0 10 6	Mr. Christie, Leicester Fields	0 10 6
Mr. Duberley, Soho sq.	0 10 6	Mr. Churchill, Gerrard st	0 05 0
Mr. Dobson, Oxford st	0 10 6	Mr. Delagrange, Frith Street	0 02 6
Mr. Dawes, Dean Street	0 10 6	Mr. Dunning, Carlisle Street	0 05 0
Mr. Davies, Grafton Street	0 10 6	Mrs. Dowling, Princes Street	0 02 6
Dive, Hugh, Esq., Frith Street	0 10 6	Mr. Eaton, the Rev. Archdeacon	1 01 0
Mr. De Belly, Leicester Street	0 10 6	Mr. Ellis, Compton Street	0 10 6
Mr. Dennett, Frith Street	0 10 6	Mr. Eden, Compton Street	0 10 6
Mr. Deschamps, Wardour Street	0 10 6	Ellys, Captain, Dean Street	0 10 6
Mr. Dickson, Bateman's Buildings	0 10 6	Mr. Edmonds	0 10 6
Mr. Dovey, Ditto	0 05 0	Mr. Edmonds	0 10 6
Mr. Donaldson, Compton Street	0 05 0	Mr. Ellison, Cranbourn Street	0 10 6
Mr. Dorman, Frith Street	0 04 0	Mr. Ellis, Newport Market	0 01 0
Mrs. Davenhill, Church	0 10 6	Mr. Emerson, Oxford st	0 01 0
Mrs. Dall, Great Newport Street	0 10 6	Mr. Emery, Wardour Street	0 01 0
Mr. Dunford, Rider's Court	0 05 0	Mr. Ewald, Leicester Street	0 02 6
Mr. Dither, Little Newport Street	0 02 0	Mr. Earle, Frith Street	0 05 0
Mr. Desbrow, Ditto	0 01 0	Mr. Egenolf, Nassau Street	0 03 0
Mr. Docking, Ditto	0 01 0	Mr. Evans	0 02 0
Mr. Degrange, Wardour	0 02 6	Mr. Ford, Greek Street	0 10 6
Mr. Dickie, Ditto	0 02 6	Mr. Fitch, Compton Street	0 10 6
Mr. Darbyshire, Meard's Court	0 02 6	Mr. Finney, Frith Street	0 05 0
Mr. Dugard, Princes Street	0 01 0	Mr. Fowler, Soho Square	0 10 6
Mrs. Davies, Macclesfield	0 02 6	Mr. Firth, Rider's Court	0 10 6
Mr. Daboffe, Gerrard Street	0 05 0	Mr. Fife, Ditto	0 10 6
Mr. Flower, Cock Lane	0 05 0	Mr. Fletcher, Gerrard st	0 10 6
Mrs. Felice, Compton Street	0 02 6	Mr. Foote, Dean Street	0 10 6
Mr. Fisher, Chapel Street	0 01 0	Mr. Fitzhenrv. Gerrard Street	0 10 6
Mr. Faulkner, Macclesfield Street	0 05 0	Mr. Fryer, Cranbourn Street	0 10 6
Mr, Furneux, Ditto	0 02 0	Mr. Freeman. Newport Court	0 10 6
Mr. Fogleberg, Church Street.	0 02 0	Mr. Fisher, Leicester Square.	0 10 6
Mr. Foster, Richmond Buildings	0 02 6	Mr. Fairbairn, Grafton Street.	0 05 0
Mr. Field, Ditto	0 03 0	Mr. Falkner, Hays's Court	0 05 0
Mr. Fisher	0 02 0	Mr. Golburn, Wardour Street	0 02 0
Mr. Ford, Spur Street	0 05 0	Mr. Garnis, Ditto	0 05 0
Mr. Graham, Compton Street	0 10 6	Mr. Gannon, Church Street	0 01 0
Mr. Gaugain	0 10 6	Mr. Gibson, Porter Street	0 10 6
Gee, Benjamin, Esq,	0 10 6	Mr. Grocock, Earl's Court	0 05 0
Mr. Gee ,Wardour Street	0 10 6	Mr. Gray	0 01 0
Mr. Greenwood, Leicester Square	0 10 6	Mr. Griffin, Whitcomb Street	0 05 0
Mr. Groote, King Street	0 10 6	Mr. Hopkins, Greek Street	1 01 0
Mr. Gordon, Church Street.	0 10 6	Howell, Thomas, Esq , Soho Square	1 01 0
Mr. Gedge, Leicester Square.	0 10 6	Mr. Hunneman, Frith Street	0 10 6
Mr Greenwood	0 10 6	Mr. Hooper, Sutton Street	0 10 6
Mr. Goddard, Gerrard Street	0 10 6	Mr. Hovenden, Cranbourn	0 10 6
Mr. Gwynn, Frith Street	0 10 6	Mr. Hodgson, Church st	0 10 6
Mr. Godeby, Bateman's Buildings	0 10 6	Mr. Hand, Little Newport Street	0 10 6
Mr Green Ditto	0 02 6	Mr. Hewitt, Greek Street	0 10 6
Miss Gardner Carlisle Street	0 05 0	Mr. Hewitt, King Street	0 10 6
Mr. Groves, Porter Street	0 01 0	Messrs. Hussey and Co ,Gerrard Street	0 10 6
Mr. Godfrey, Ditto	0 02 6	Mr. Heron, Dean Street	0 05 0
Mr. Gaubert, Leicester Street	0 01 0	Mr. Hosier, Richmond Buildings	0 05 0
Mr. Grignion, Ditto	0 03 0	Mr. Hughes, Macclesfield Street	0 05 0
Mr. Giles, Ditto	0 05 0	Mr. Headach, Rider's Court	0 05 0
Mr. Glazier, Grafton Street	0 02 6	Mr. Hinton, Gerrard Street	0 05 0
Mr. Gosling, Ditto	0 01 0	Mr. Hughes, Bateman's Buildings	0 02 6
Mr. Harwood, Oxford Street	0 02 6	Mr. Hope	0 02 6
Mr. Hales, Spur Street	0 02 6	Mr. Holehouse, Greek Street	0 10 6
Mrs. Hilliar, Compton Street	0 02 0	Mr. Herlien, Porter Street	0 02 6
Mr. Herriot, Porter Street	0 02 0	Mr. Hobler, Ditto	0 02 6
Mrs. Hanet, Ditto	0 01 0	Mr. Kirkley, Little Newport Street	0 01 0
Mr. Henning, Litchfield Street	0 01 0	Mr. King, Thomas, Esq, Gerrard Street	0 10 6
Mr. Hales, Cranbourn Alley	0 01 0	Mr. Lockett, Sutton Street.	0 10 6
Mr. Hewitt, Dean Street	0 01 0	Mr. Laurence, Greek Street	0 10 6
Mr. Hazelwood, Frith Street	0 01 0	Mr. Lea, Ditto	0 10 6
Mrs. Henderson, Leicester Square	0 02 0	Mr. Laurence, Church Street	0 10 6
Mr. Illingworth, Frith Street	0 10 6	Mr. Lucas, King Street	0 10 6
Mr. Johnson, Leicester Square	0 10 6	Mr. Lyford, Grafton Street	0 05 0
Mr. Jefferson, the Rev., Greek Street	0 10 6	Mr. Lands, Gerrard Street.	0 05 0
Mr. Jones, Cranbourn Alley	0 05 0	Mr. Lejune, King Street	0 05 0
Mr. Innocent, Cranbourn Passage	0 05 0	Mr. Lane, Ditto	0 05 0
Mr. James, Greek Street	0 02 6	Mrs. Lee, Macclesfield Street	0 06 0
Mrs. Ives, Oxford Street	0 02 6	Mr. Le Meatre, Grafton Street	0 02 0
Mr. Jackson, King Square	0 02 6	Mr. Leftwich, Church Street	0 01 0
Mr. Jones, Spur Street	0 01 0	Mowbrey, W\, Esq., Soho Square	1 01 0
Mr. Johnson, King Street	0 01 0	Mr. Marshall, Great Newport Street	0 10 6
Knox, William, Esq., Soho Square	1 01 0	Mr. Madan, Greek Street	0 10 6
Messrs. Kitchin, Little Newport Street	0 10 6	Mr. Martin, Frith Street	0 10 6
Mr. Knight, Compton st.	0 10 6	Mr. Mortimer, Ditto	0 10 6
Mr. Kennebell, Frith Street	0 02 6	Mr. Mather, King Street	0 10 6
Mr. King	0 02 6	Mr. Martin, Richmond Buildings	0 10 0
Mr. Klug, Rider's Court	0 01 0	Mr. Moggridge, Cranbourn Street	0 10 6
Mr. Mouchett, Grafton Street	0 02 6	Mrs. Mallett, Gerrard Street	0 10 6
Mr. Mac Kewan, Litchfield Street	0 02 6	Mr. Mc'Kenzie, King Street	0 10 6
Mr. Moreby, Compton Street	0 02 6	Mr. Moggridge, Cranbourn Street	0 05 0
Mr. Mac Kerrell, Ditto	0 02 6	Mr. Miller, Greek Street	0 02 0
Mr. Miller, Gerrard Street	0 02 6	Mr. Peale, Newport Market	0 10 6
Mr. Murnox, Richmond Buildings	0 02 6	Mr. Perry, Compton Street	0 10 6
Mr. Mac Donald, Bateman’s Buildings	0 02 0	Mr. Potts, Ditto	0 10 6
Mr. Meyer, Gerrard Street	0 01 0	Pasley, Robert, Esq., Soho Square	0 10 6
Mr. Michel, Compton Street	0 01 0	Mr. Palmer, Grafton Street	0 10 6
Mr. Mead, Cranbourn Street	0 01 0	Miss Powell, Cranbourn Street	0 10 6
Mr. Myers, Dean Street.	0 01 0	Mrs. Puller, Ditto	0 10 6
Mr. Moffatt, Leicester Street	0 02 6	Mr. Potts, Gerrard Street	0 10 6
Mr. Nicolls, Hollen Street	0 10 0	Mr. Potier, Grafton Street	0 05 0
Mr. Naylor, Great Newport Street	0 10 6	Mr. Pain, Titchfield Street	0 05 0
Mr. Niven, King Street	0 05 0	Mr. Pollon, Church Street	0 05 0
Mr. Nalder, Leicester Street	0 05 0	Mr. Phillips, Cock Lane...	0 05 0
Mr. Nesbitt, Greek Street	0 01 0	Mr. Pittman, Dean Street	0 05 0
Mr. Norris, Bear Street	0 01 0	Mr. Phillips, Greek Street	0 02 6
Mr. Norman	0 01 0	Mr. Pitts, Litchfield Street	0 02 6
Mr. Newman, Gerrard Street	0 05 0	Mr. Peters, Earls Court	0 02 6
Mr. Oshaugnessy, Whitcombe Street	0 02 6	Mr. Pearne, Leicester Fields	0 02 6
Mr. Offord, Grafton Street.	0 02 0	Mr. Paul, King Street	0 02 6
Mr. Oram, Ditto	0 01 0	Mr. Powell, Lisle Street	0 02 6
Petrie, John, Esq., Soho Square	1 01 0	Mr. Portal, Chapel Street	0 02 0
Mr. Pickett, Compton Street	0 10 6	Mr. Peck, Lisle Street	0 03 0
Mr. Pettit, Macklesfield Street	0 10 6	Mr. Pratbernon, Porter Street	0 01 0
Mr. Reynolds, Frith Street.	0 05 0	Mr. Payne	0 01 0
Mr. Reid, Sydney Street	0 05 0	Mr. Quin, Sutton Street	0 10 6
Mrs. Randall, Compton Street	0 05 0	Mr. Reid, Compton Street	0 10 6
Mr. Richardson, Oxford Street	0 02 6	Mr. Ranken, Soho Square	0 10 6
Mrs. Roberts, Meard's Court	0 02 6	Mr. Reeder, Oxford Street	0 10 6
Mr. Reynolds, Hayes's Court	0 02 6	Mr. Roby, Princes Street	0 10 6
Mr. Redfoot, Hollen st.	0 02 6	Mr. Ring, Spur Street	0 10 6
Mr. Randal, Bear Street	0 02 0	Reynolds, Sir Joshua Leicester Square	0 10 6
Mr. Reynolds, Rider's Court,	0 02 0	Mr. Simons, Ryder's Court	0 01 0
Mr. Redgate, Greek Street	0 02 0	Mr. Stanyarn, Cranbourn Passage	0 05 0
Mr. Read, Gerrard Street	0 02 0	Mr. Spencer, Compton Street	0 02 6
Mr. Rossman, Cranbourn Passage	0 01 0	Mr. Shrimpson, Oxford Street	0 05 0
Mr. Swinson, Frith Street	0 10 6	Mr. Spinks, Wardour Street	0 02 6
Mr. Spilsbury, Soho Square	0 10 6	Mr. Scott, Chapel Street	0 02 6
Mr. Smith	0 10 6	Messrs. Shenton & Smith, Wardour Street	0 02 6
Mr. Sydenham, Frith Street	0 10 6	Mr. Smith, Ditto	0 03 0
Mr. Smith	0 10 6	Mr. Suttle, Ditto	0 05 0
Mr. Shaw	0 10 6	Mr. Smith, John, Ditto	0 02 6
Mr. Steel, Cranbourn Passage	0 10 6	Mr. Sedgrove, Princess Street.	0 02 6
Mr. Savory, Princess Street	0 10 6	Mr. Smith, Whitcombe Street	0 02 6
Mr. Stedman, Compton Street	0 10 6	Mr. Solomons, Gerrard st	0 02 6
Mr. Smith, Gerrard Street	0 10 6	Mr. Stoll, Ditto	0 05 0
Mrs. Shipley, Greek Street	0 02 6	Mr. Swann, Hays's Court	0 02 6
Messrs. Smart & Co, Frith Street	0 05 0	Mr. Schuffnar, Frith Street	0 02 0
Mr. Stevens, Cock lane	0 02 6	Mr. Sumner, Greek Street	0 02 6
Mr. Sansom, Litchfield Street	0 02 6	Mr. Sherriff, Church st	0 01 0
Mr. Stevens, Grafton Street.	0 01 0	Mr. Sell, Moor Street	0 02 6
Mr. Turner, Ditto	0 05 0	Mr. Sand, Richmond	0 02 6
Mr. Taylor, Church Street	0 05 0	Mrs. Self, Chapel Street	0 02 6
Mr. Tomes, Lisle Street	0 10 6	Mr. Scrafer	0 01 0
Mrs. Vivares, Great Newport Street	0 10 6	Mrs. Thomas, Greek Street	0 10 6
Mr. Unsworth, Bear st....	0 10 6	Mr. Trotter, Frith Street	0 10 6
Unknown	0 10 6	Mr. Thompson, Oxford Street	0 10 6
Mr. Vincent, Bateman's Buildings	0 05 0	Mr. Thomas	0 10 6
Mr. Vincent	0 05 0	Tod, William, Esq., Dean Street	0 10 6
Mr. Vollum, Wardour Street	0 05 0	Mr. Taylor, Greek Street	0 05 0
Mr. Upsdell, Gerrard Street	0 05 0	Mr. Thompson, Cranbourn Street	0 02 6
Mr. Vaughan, Little New	0 05 0	Mr. Tyler, Oxford Street	0 05 0
Mr. Vollotton, Gerrard Street	0 02 6	Mrs. White, Soho Square	0 10 6
Unknown	0 05 0	Messrs. Willowes & Warren, Leicester Sq	0 10 0
Ward, Hen. Townley, Soho Square	1 01 0	Mr. Welch, Gerrard Street	0 10 6
Willett, Ralph, Esq., Dean	1 01 0	Mr. Wedd, Ditto	0 10 6
Mr.West, King Street	0 10 6	6 Mr. Wild, Frith Street	0 10 6
Messrs. Whites, Greek Street	0 10 6	Mrs. Wray, Dean Street	0 10 6
Mr. Whittingham, Frith Street	0 10 6	Mrs. Waltrin, Bateman's Buildings	0 01 0
Mr. Wilby, Soho Square	0 10 6	Mr. Wigstead, Greek Street	0 03 0
Mr. Wilmer, Cranbourn Street	0 10 6	Mr. Wimburn, Compton Street	0 05 0
Mr.Wilson	0 10 6	Messrs. Willey & Wright, Cranbourn Street	0 05 0
Mr.Wright, Soho Square.	0 10 6	Mr. Wilkinson, Ryder's Court	0 01 0
Mr.Williams, Leicester Square	0 10 6	Mr. Williams, Cranbourn Street	0 05 0
Mr. Wedgwood, Greek Street	0 10 6	Mr. Webley, Newport Court	0 01 0
Mrs. Wilson, Meard's Court	0 10 6	Mr. Wells, Little Newport Street	0 02 6
Mr. Wood, Gerrard Street	0 10 6	Mr. Wilson, Ditto	0 01 0
Mr. Thomas Wilson	0 10 6	Mr. Walter, Ditto	0 05 0
Mr. Williams, Sydney Street	0 01 0	Mr. Watkinson, Wardour Street	0 02 6
Mr. Wood, Lisle Street	0 03 6	Mr. Williams, Ditto	0 02 6
Mr. Warburton, Ditto	0 02 6	Mr. Wilson, Leicester Square	0 01 0
Mrs. Witham, Dean Street	0 05 0	Mr Wallis, Wardour Street	0 02 6
Mr. Wicksteed, Compton Street	0 03 0